商事外观主义适用的纬度裁量

The Application of Commercial Rechtsschein Theorie

商事主体的专业性、计划性和知识性决定了其应当为自己的行为负责。商事活动的营利性决定了交易安全和效率的重要性,相对人的信赖利益保护的重要性不言而喻。在商事纠纷的解决过程中应当充分考虑这一价值取向,外观主义不应局限在三方主体的交易关系这一框架之内,对原权利人的可归责性判断应当对传统的与因主义进行弱化,对相对人是否善意的评价也应综合考虑,趋于理性。

In recent years,the term“Rechtsschein Theorie”is common in commercial cases.However,according to the trial judgments,many courts,especially the lower courts,lack of enough understanding of the basic value of Rechtsschein Theorie in the commercial field.From the perspective of development of Rechtsschein Theorie,it is the product of the transformation from willenstheorie to objective interpretation.Both the Rechtsschein Theorie of the continental law system and the Equitable Estoppel of Anglo-American law system aim at protecting the reliance interests of trustees.The speciality,planning and knowledge of commercial subjects determine that they should be responsible for their own behaviors.The profitability of commercial activities determines transaction safety and efficiency,and protecting the trust interests of the counterpart is self-evident.In the process of settling commercial disputes,people should fully consider this value orientation.The Rechtsschein Theorie should not be limited in the framework of the transaction relationship among the tripartite parties.The judgment on the accountability of the original obligee should weaken the traditional causalism.The evaluation of the relative person’s goodwill should also be considered.