植物免疫系统研究进展

Advances in plant immune system

在植物的生长环境中,存在大量的微生物。微生物对植物的影响可以是通过互利共生起促进作用,也可能起抑制作用而妨碍植物的健康生长,后者就是植物的病原菌。植物利用两类内在免疫系统对病原菌的侵染产生防卫反应,第一类免疫系统被称为微生物相关分子模式启动的免疫反应,对许多种微生物的常见分子识别并产生反应;第二类免疫系统被称为激活物启动的免疫反应,对病原菌毒性因子产生反应,这些毒性因子直接或间接通过对寄主目标起作用。对植物免疫功能及其机理的深入了解,为作物遗传改良和大面积生产中病害综合防治提供依据。

Tremendous microbes exists around the plants in their growth and development.Some of them affect the plants favorablly by mutualism,while others suppress the plants’developmemt and reproduction,which are named pathgens.Many plants respond to infection using a two-branched innate immune system.The first branch recognizes and responds to molecules common to many classes of microbes,including non-pathogens.The second responds to pathogen virulence factors,either directly or through their effects on host targets.These plant immune systems,and the pathogen molecules to which they respond,provide extraordinary insights into molecular recognition,cell biology and evolution across biological kingdoms.A detailed understanding of plant immune function will underpin crop improvement for food,fibre and biofuels production.