哈代《无名的裘德》与中国文学文化

On the Relatedness of Thomas Hardy’s Jude the Obscure to Chinese Literature and Culture

19世纪后期英国小说家托马斯·哈代生前推出的最后一部小说《无名的裘德》(Jude the Obscure,1895),是作者思想上、艺术上最为成熟的作品之一,也是与《苔丝》《还乡》并驾齐驱的所谓“知识分子小说”。它在主题、情节和文化层面上与中国文学(这里的“文学”是广义的概念,包括影视文学)及文化存在诸多“似曾相识”之处。二者之间不一定存在事实性影响关系,但彼此存在着跨越时空的共同“诗心”“文心”,构成比较文学“可比性”的前提。我们可通过大量文本材料,总结出与此相关的共同“诗心”“文心”,挖掘出文学作品的美学价值,探寻文学发展的规律,为比较文学平行研究作出切实的文本化贡献,歌德所主张的“世界文学的时代”也能得以更为有效的推进。

Thomas Hardy's last novel Juide the Obscure is one of his most mature works,and together with Tess of the d Urbervilles and The Return of the Native,is considered as an“intellectual novel.”In terms of theme,plot and culture,the nove1 bears some similarities to Chinese literature and flm However,these similarities are not due to direct influences between them,but are rather related to the quintessence of poetry and the spinit of literature synchronically transcending space and time.Yet,similarities are also accompanied by dissimilarities.We can depend on a 1arge quantity of textual material,and therefore summarize the quintessence of poetry and the spirit of literature concerned.Likewise,the aesthetic value of literary warks may be excavated,and the mechanics of literary development explored,which tends to make a down-to-earth contribution to the textualization of parllel study for comparative literature.With this premise,Goethe's“age of world literature” can be more effectively futhered.