论版权与形象权的冲突与协调——以美国法规则与案件为视角

On the Conflict and Coordination between Copyright and the Right of Publicity:from the Perspective of Relevant Rules and Cases of the United States

美国的版权法立足于保护作者的合法权益,鼓励作品的创作与传播。形象权则侧重于保护自然人对其姓名、肖像等人格标识被商业使用的控制权。在司法实践中,如何协调版权与形象权的冲突备受关注。美国法充分尊重当事人的意思自治,鼓励当事人通过合同授权的方式来对版权和形象权的冲突作出安排。但涉及合理使用的特殊情形时,自然人的形象权将受到一定限制。对于原作品之上的衍生品,美国法发展出更为细分的规则,主要依据衍生品与原作品的相关程度来判断是否构成对形象权的侵犯。美国法为版权和形象权提供的冲突协调之道,有利于为我国提供参考与借鉴,以助推人格的商业化利用得到更为充分完善的发展。

The Copyright Act of the United States is based on the protection of the legitimate rights of authors and encouraging the creation and spread of works.The right of publicity focuses on the protection of the right of people to control the commercial use of his personal identity such as name and portrait.In judicial practice,how to coordinate the conflict between copyright and the right of publicity has attracted much attention.The United States encourages parties to coordinate the conflict between copyright and the right of publicity through contract a uthorization,fully respecting the parties’autonomy of will.However,for the special situation of fair use,the right of publicity of people will be limited.For the derivative works above the original works,the United States has developed more detailed rules,mainly judging whether it constitutes an infringement of the right of publicity based on the degree of correlation between the derivative works and the original works.The conflict coordination method provided by the US law for copyright and the right of publicity is helpful to provide reference for our country,so as to promote the commercialization of personality to be more fully developed.