商标侵权惩罚性赔偿的法律适用研究——基于我国123件判决书的实证分析

Research on the Legal Application of Punitive Damages for Trademark Infringement--Empirical Analysis Based on 123 Judgments in China

对恶意侵犯商标权的行为要适用惩罚性赔偿,司法裁判中需要从主观、客观两个方面考察是否满足"恶意"和"情节严重"的情形。"恶意"是指比"故意"更恶劣的主观状态,需要结合涉案商标的知名度和显著性等自身的性质和特征、侵权人对涉案商标的认知程度和屡犯不改的程度、诉讼过程中的悔过态度综合进行判断;"情节严重"需要从侵权行为方式、侵权行为影响等方面综合考虑。计算惩罚性赔偿金的基数和倍数需要细化;基数的计算不能和"恶意"、"情节严重"等惩罚性赔偿适用条件的具体判断情形割裂开。

When applying punitive damages to malicious infringement of trademark rights,judicial practice needs to examine whether it meets the"malicious"and"serious circumstances"from both the subjective and objective aspects."Maliciousness"refers to a worse subjective state than"intentional".It needs to be judged in combination with the following factors:the nature and characteristics of the involved trademark,such as its popularity and distinctiveness,and the infringer's awareness of the involved trademark,and whether the infringer is a habitual offender of trademarks,as well as the attitude of regret in the litigation process."Serious circumstances"needs to be comprehensively considered from the aspects of the infringement method and the impact of the it.Calculation of the basic amount and multiples of punitive damages need refinement,which cannot be separated from the specific judgment of the applicable conditions of punitive damages such as"malicious"and"serious circumstances".