区块链技术应用的刑事风险及其应对——以数字货币洗钱犯罪为视角

The Criminal Risk of Blockchain Technology Application and its Countermeasures:from the Perspective of Money Laundering Crime of Digital Currency

数字货币具有的匿名性、全球性、去中心性和可兑换性等特点,在给用户交易带来便利的同时也引发了严重的洗钱风险。在区块链技术应用的背景下,我国对数字货币洗钱犯罪的治理困境既有立法上的滞后性,也有司法上的局限性。为了应对数字货币的洗钱风险,应当重新定位洗钱罪的侵害客体,将其纳入打击赃物犯罪的序列;扩大“明知”的理解范围,细化具体认定标准;将数字货币服务平台纳入“特定非金融机构”,明确其法律义务与责任;借鉴国外监管经验,加强国际合作共同打击跨国洗钱犯罪。

The characteristics of digital currency,such as anonymity,globality,decentralization and exchangeability,not only bring convenience to users,but also cause serious money laundering risk.In the context of blockchain technology application,the governance dilemma of money laundering crime of digital currency in China has both legislative lag and judicial limitations.The object of money laundering crime should be reorientated,bringing it into the sequence of fighting against the crime of stolen goods.The understanding scope of"knowing"should be expanded and the specific identification standards should be refined.The digital currency service platform should be included into the specific non-financial institutions and their legal obligations and responsibilities should be clarified.International cooperation to fight against transnational money laundering should be strengthened drawing from foreign regulatory experience.