面向定制产品制造企业的绿色制造实施模型

A Framework for Implementation of Green Manufacturing in Customized Products Manufacturing Enterprises

公众环保意识的增强和政府处理环境问题的决心要求制造企业尽快实施绿色制造。然而,由于企业管理者和相关人员缺乏对绿色制造的认识和理解,加之绿色制造实施的复杂性,使得制造企业,特别是那些中小型制造企业的管理者一直存在着这样的困惑,即如何采取合理的实施策略,以及如何使实施能给企业带来明确的收益。同时中小企业的产品定制化生产模式和多元化服务形式,使绿色制造的实施问题变得更具挑战性。本文提出了一种绿色制造实施的框架模型。该模型包括一横一纵两条主线,一是面向实施规划的主线,包括目标层、支撑层生命周期层;另一个是生命周期主线,包括客户需求获取与分析、产品设计、制造、使用和维保、报废回收全过程。各生命周期过程间的信息交互通过产品集成信息模型来实现。基于该模型,我们在一家电气产品制造企业进行了绿色制造的初步实践。实践结果表明,该系统框架有助于从整体上认识绿色制造,提高了绿色制造实施的可操作性。

An increase in public environmental awareness and pressures from the government’s determination to deal with environmental problems force manufacturers to implement green manufacturing(GM).However,since managers and stakeholders lack understanding of GM and its complexity,the manufacturing enterprise,especially the small and medium ones,are constantly facing the problems of how to make a reasonable decision for an environmental problem,and the adopted approaches have no clear payoffs.The customized design,flexible production,and diversified services in customized production make the problems more challenging.In order to solve this problem,this paper proposes a framework for the implementation of GM in customized products manufacturing enterprises(CPME).A three-layer framework,i.e.,the goal layer,the product life-cycle layer and the supporting layer,is designed to provide a methodology to help implement GM.In this model,the GM practice processes are divided into four stages from the life-cycle perspective,i.e.design,production,use,and disposal.The preliminary practice of GM in an electrical product manufacturing company is carried out,and the implementation effect shows that the system framework is helpful to make a comprehensive understanding of GM and to improve the operability of GM practices.The integrated product model is an effective way to integrate the life cycle data.