中国城市家庭代际支持及相关因素研究

Research on Household Intergenerational Support and its Determinants in Urban China

文章利用CFPS2010数据,应用描述统计分析和Probit回归模型探讨了城市家庭代际支持模式及相关因素。研究结果表明:父代和子代在经济、照料和家务方面保持着紧密的社会联系,老年父母和成年子女之间的代际支持体现出利他和互惠交换相结合的特点。健康状况差、与子女同住的老年人将更有可能获得子女全方面的支持。具体而言,对于经济支持行为,健康差、资源少的父母得到子女支持的概率更大,这样的代际支持具有利他特征;而在家务支持方面,代际之间的交换特征明显;我们也发现了老年人收入与其获得子女照料支持的正相关关系,这种转移代表了子女对交换父母家庭生产活动的一种非经济支付或补偿。我们应构建与时俱进的家庭文化和养老支持理念;促进不同年龄群体平等参与与共同发展;巩固家庭在养老领域的根本地位,加强家庭养老支持与健康医疗支持、社会照护支持的整合发展;逐步实现社会福利制度从残补式向制度式转变。

With the data derived from CFPS2010,the paper utilizes descriptive analysis and Probit regression model to explore the patterns and determinants of intergenerational support in terms of financial assistance,caregiving provi⁃sion and housework support amid urban households.The research results have shown that there still has been a closed social connect between older parents and adult children,presenting the significant features which combine the altru⁃ism and mutual aid.In general,the older people,the ones who have worse health status,and co-reside with adult chil⁃dren,would be more likely to receive comprehensive support from children.Economic transfer represents the traits of altruism,in which older parents with the characteristics of worse health and fewer resources have higher likelihood get⁃ting the children’s financial support;for housework support,however,intergenerational support is a form of exchange which has obviously shown that probability of older parents receiving housework assistance would increase if older par⁃ents provide adult children with help on economics and housework;we have also examined the positive association of older people’s income and children’s care provisions.Alternatively,these transfers represent informal payments or compensation made in exchange for household productive activities and services provided by older parents.For the gov⁃ernment,several priorities of social policies aimed to enhance the household development should be oriented towards building up familiar culture and ideology of old-age support that should have been keeping pace with modern times;improving equal participation and development across age groups;reinforcing the fundamental function of family in the scope of old-age support,with the main tasks targeted at combinations of family eldercare,healthcare,and social care;and gradually realizing the transition from residual welfare model to the institutional model of social welfare policy.