城乡迁移与农民工心理健康--基于中国劳动力动态调查数据的分析

Rural-urban Migration and Migrants’Mental Health:Based on the Analysis of CLDS Data

农民工心理健康是重要的社会民生和公共卫生问题,也是实施推进新型城市化和健康中国战略的重要内容。基于中国劳动力动态调查(CLDS)2014年数据,从迁移距离、迁移家庭模式与迁移时间三个维度构建农民工心理健康的分析框架,实证检验城乡迁移对农民工心理健康的影响效应及其内在机制。研究发现,约20%农民工存在心理健康问题,跨县迁移和短期迁移农民工的心理健康状况尤其令人担忧。回归结果显示,远距离迁移的空间摩擦效应阻碍了农民工的社会融合,歧视和排斥导致农民工不适应感和孤独感更强,显著降低其心理健康水平;短期迁移带来的冲击只通过农民工的个人和家庭特征影响心理健康,随着迁移时间的延长该影响不再显著。建议减少差别性制度设置,引导农民工举家进城落户,促进农民工市民化,以提高农民工心理健康水平。

Migrants’mental health is an important issue of social livelihood and public health,and it is also an important part of the implementation of a new urbanization and Healthy China.Based on the data of China Labor Dynamics Survey(CLDS)in 2014,this paper constructs an analytical framework from three dimensions of migrants’migration distance,migration family pattern and migration time,and empirically examines the impact of migration behavior on migrants’mental health.About 20%of migrant workers have mental health problems,and the mental health of migrant workers across counties and short-term migration is even worse.The regression results show that the spatial friction effect of long-distance migration makes migrants have a lower degree of social integration,more vulnerable to discrimination and exclusion,and produce a strong sense of maladjustment and loneliness,which significantly reduces the level of mental health.The impact of short-term migration only affects the mental health through the individual and family characteristics of migrants.With the extension of migration time,the short-term impact effect is no longer significant.It is suggested to reduce the differential system,promote the social integration of migrants,and guide them to settle down in cities with their families,so as to improve their mental health.