马克思关于人的社会性本质理论的内在张力分析

An Analysis of the Inherent Tension in Marx's Theory of Man's Social Nature

国内理论界对马克思关于人的社会性本质论断的诠释存在着三个方面的非自洽性:从人与人的相互依赖性去解释人是一切社会关系的总和,不可避免地把人的本质再度归结为马克思所反对的"单个人所固有的抽象物";把人的社会性本质归结为许多个人自然地联系起来的普遍性,必然导致对马克思所理解的费尔巴哈伟大功绩的误解;把人的本质理解为抽象的共同点,不能合理解释《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中"个体是社会存在物"与《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》中相关论述的异同。造成时下流行诠释方案非自洽性的根源是未能洞悉马克思赋予人、社会及其关系的内在理论张力,从而把它们理解为单向度的封闭概念。只有再度开启马克思有关人的社会性本质的双向度、开放性和历史性的规定性,我们才能为马克思关于人的社会性本质论断提供一个合理的诠释方案。

There are three aspects of the domestic theoretical interpretation of Marx's assertion on man's social nature that are not self-consistent:to explain why the human being is the sum of all social relations from the inter-dependence of human beings inevitably relegates the essence of the human being to the“the abstract substance that an individual has”,which Marx opposes;to attribute the social nature of man to the universality to which many individuals are naturally linked leads inevitably to the misunderstanding of the great achievements of Feuerbach as understood by Marx;the understanding of the essence of man as an abstract common denominator cannot rationalize the similarities and differences between“individual as a social being”proposed in The Economic and Philosophical Manuscript in 1844 and the related statement in On the Outline of Feuerbach's Theory.At the root of the non-self-consistency of currently popular elucidation scheme is the failure to appreciate the inherent theoretical tensions that Marx ascribes to human beings,societies and their relations but to understand them as closed concepts of a unidirectional feature.It is only by reopening the two-way,open and defining historical features of Marx's assertion on man's social nature,can we be able to provide a reasonable way to elucidate it.