21世纪以来中国对非洲的“救灾援助”

China's“Disaster Relief Assistance”To Africa Since The 21st Century

非洲是灾害多发频发的大陆,因自然灾害和社会性灾害而向非洲国家发起的"救灾援助",成为主权国家履行人道主义承诺与国际义务的重要举措。作为休戚与共的命运共同体、合作共赢的利益共同体,中国历来重视对非洲受灾国的救援工作。自新中国成立以来,中国对非洲的"救灾援助"主要经历了三个发展阶段,目前呈现快速发展的势头。中国主要通过提供紧急人道主义援助、人力资源开发、派遣援外工作队、提供一般物资和成套项目等方式帮助非洲应对雷患与雷灾、旱灾与饥荒、疫情与疾病以及地震与洪水等多种灾害,并积极与非洲受灾国开展防灾减灾领域的合作。中国对非洲的"救灾援助",促进了受灾国的经济恢复与经济发展,为构建平等互利的中非关系创造了"外交空间",有效彰显了中国负责任的大国形象,以"援助"带动"合作"促进了中非经贸往来。但也存在"重物援、轻人文""重参与、轻主导""重官方、轻民间""重应急、轻预防"的问题。为此,中国需要在援外理念、援外机制、援外主体结构、援外过程管理等层面作进一步的调整与完善。

Africa is a continent with frequent disasters.The“disaster relief assistance”initiated to African countries due to natural disasters and social disasters has become an important measure for countries to fulfill their humanitarian commitments and international obligations.As a community of shared destiny and a community of win-win cooperation,China has always attached great importance to the relief work for the disaster-stricken countries in Africa.Since the founding of New China,China's“disaster relief assistance”to Africa has mainly gone through three stages of development,and progress rapidly.China assists Africa mainly in responding to multiple disasters such as thunderstorms and disasters,droughts and famines,epidemics and diseases,earthquakes and floods by providing emergency humanitarian assistance,human resource development,dispatching aid teams,providing general supplies and complete projects And actively cooperate with disaster-stricken countries in Africa in the field of disaster prevention and mitigation.China’s“Disaster Relief Assistance”to Africa has promoted the economic recovery and economic development of the affected countries,created a“diplomatic space”for building an equitable and mutually beneficial China-Africa relationship,effectively highlighting China’s image as a responsible country,and“Cooperation”driven by“aid”has promoted China-Africa economic and trade exchanges.However,there are also problems of“emphasis on material aid rather than cultural importance”,“emphasis on participation rather than ethics”,“emphasis on official affairs rather than civil affairs”,“emphasis on emergency rather than prevention”.To this end,China needs to make further adjustments and improvements at the level of foreign aid concepts,foreign aid mechanisms,foreign aid structure,and foreign aid process management.