新冠肺炎疫情全球蔓延下我国就业困境及纾解措施

China’s Employment Plight and Relief Measures under the Global Spread of COVID-19 Pandemic

新冠肺炎疫情全球蔓延破坏了世界自由贸易秩序,诱发了严重的失业危机,需要积极应对。研究认为:(1)需要充分发挥市场机制有效配置要素的作用,稳定外贸市场、维护全球供应链,促进就业。(2)需求管理政策上,需要定向精准地运用财政和货币政策支持企业增加就业,建议我国成立中小企业政策性银行,专门服务于中小微企业。(3)供给服务政策上,需要提升贸易投资便利化和公共服务效能来支持企业扩大外贸和就业。(4)收入政策上,短期内可发放临时消费券来扩大本地内需,可发行地方债来推动公共投资需求,增加就业;中长期内运用"互联网+物联网"牵引消费增长和就业。(5)人力资本储备池政策上,我国应尽快建立高端人力资本储备池,缓解疫情下集中就业压力。

The global spread of COVID-19 pandemic has destroyed the world free trade order and induced a huge unemployment crisis,which requires an active response.The findings show that:(1)it is necessary to fully play the role of market mechanism in the effective allocation of factors,stabilize the foreign trade market,maintain the global supply chain,and promote employment.(2)In terms of demand management policies,targeted and precise fiscal and monetary policies need to be used to support enterprises to increase employment.It is suggested to establish a policy bank for small and medium-sized enterprises in China to serve small and medium-sized enterprises.(3)In terms of supply and service policies,China needs to improve trade and investment facilitation and public service efficiency to support enterprises in expanding foreign trade and employment.(4)In terms of income policy,temporary consumption coupons are offered to expand local domestic demand,and local government bonds can be issued to promote public investment demand and increase employment in the short term,and the"Internet+Internet of Things"will be used to boost consumption growth and employment in the medium and long term.(5)In terms of human capital reserve pool policy,China’s high-end human capital reserve pool need to be constructed as soon as possible to alleviate the pressure of concentrated employment under the pandemic.