东干族留学生汉语单字调感知及产出声学实验研究

Acoustic Study on the Perception and Output of Chinese Monosyllabic Tone of Dungan Learners

本文对三个不同汉语水平组的东干族留学生进行汉语声调的感知和产出声学实验,结果显示,东干族留学生汉语声调习得的基本特点为:1.学习者从汉语水平初级阶段到高级阶段的发展过程中,其声调系统从两调格局向三调格局再向四调格局逐渐过渡。2.感知总是先于产出,学习者如若可以正确感知某一声调,便可以正确产出该声调。3.学习者声调产出时,声调近似系统持续时间较长,较难建立真正的汉语声调系统。4.学习者习得汉语声调的顺序为:去声>阴平>阳平>上声。本文据此提出了相应的声调教学策略。

In this paper,the acoustic experiment about perception and output of Chinese tones of Dungan learners with different Chinese level was conducted.The results show that the basic characteristics of Chinese tone acquisition of Dungan native speakers are:(1)The learner’tone system gradually transitions from two-tone pattern to three-tone pattern and further to four-tone pattern during the study of Chinese from the low level to high level.(2)Perception always precedes the output,if the learner can correctly perceive a certain tone,he can produce the tone correctly.(3)When the learner’tone is output,their tone approximation system will last for a relatively long time,causing difficulties in establishing a real Chinese tone system.(4)The learning of Chinese tones follows the order of falling tone>high and level tone>rising tone>falling-rising tone.Based on these conclusions,corresponding tone teaching strategies are proposed.