吴语版《圣谕广训直解》人称代词研究

Study on Personal Pronouns of Interpretation on Sheng Yu Guang Xun in Wu Dialect

吴语版清抄本《圣谕广训直解》是极好的方言研究材料,但学界还较少关注。文章通过对这一吴方言材料与对应另两种白话材料《圣谕广训衍》(王又朴)、《圣谕广训直解》(佚名)进行比较研究和穷尽性统计,考察了一些代表性的人称代词使用问题,展示了清末吴方言中的人称代词特点,特别是这一时期的人称代词具有过渡性特点:第一人称代词单数形式主要为官话型的“我”、复数形式只见“伲”,反身代词可搭配“自家”;第二人称代词使用“侬”和“㑚”等;第三人称代词则为“伊”和“伊拉”等,此外人称代词后接“拉”“淘里”等表复数也是值得我们关注的语言现象,为官话传播与方言比较研究提供参考价值。

As a book written in Wu dialect,the interpretation of Sheng Yu Guang Xun,is still of relatively high value to academic research today.This paper compares three colloquial versions(one of them authored by Wang Youpu and another two anonymously authored)of Sheng Yu Guang Xun.Statistics based on exhaustive dates of three types of personal pronouns,help us explore language features in Wu dialect during the late Qing dynasty.It can be concluded that the personal pronouns used in the book reflect several transitional characteristics:the singular form of the first personal pronoun is mainly of the form of an official type“wo”(我)while the plural form is“ni”(伲);the collocation of reflexive and“zijia”(自家)is possible;the second personal pronouns are“nong”(侬)and“nuo”(㑚);the third personal pronouns are“yi”(伊)and“yila”(伊拉).Additionally,some unique dialect words,such as“la”(拉)and“taoli”(淘里),can be connected to personal pronouns expressing a plural meaning,and thus should also be recognized.