安徽省西甜瓜主栽区域施肥现状调查与评价

Investigation and Evaluation on the Current Situation of Fertilization in the Main Watermelon-muskmelon Producing Areas of Anhui Province

[目的]系统调查安徽主要西甜瓜产区施肥现状,分析其存在问题,为西甜瓜优质高效生产提供基础数据支撑。[方法]选择宿州市埇桥区、阜阳市阜南县、马鞍山市和县和合肥市长丰县4个西甜瓜生产重点县区进行实地调查,对西甜瓜栽培现状、化学肥料及有机肥料使用情况开展调查。[结果]调查区域各县区化肥施用量不同,化肥总施入量在288~3804 kg/hm^2调查区域的县区投入化肥折合氮、磷、钾纯养分量分别为96.0~1156.5、58.5~511.5、96~3300 kg/hm^2。调查区域有机肥施用类型主要有商品有机肥、农家肥、饼肥3种,施用量分别为0.9~2.5、1.7~45.0、0.7~1.1 t/hm^2。[结论]安徽主要西甜瓜产区施肥存在化肥施用过量与营养元素不平衡,有机肥施用量大不优质等问题,需要今后进行科学合理的施肥推荐。

[Objective]To systematically investigate the current situation of fertilization in the main watermelon-muskmelon producing areas of Anhui Province,analyze the existing problems,and provide basic data support for high quality and efficient watermelon-muskmelon production.[Method]Field investigation was carried out in Yongqiao District of Suzhou City,Funan County of Fuyang City,Hexian County of Ma’anshan City and Changfeng County of Hefei City.[Result]The total amount of chemical fertilizer applied in each county was 288-3804 kg/hm^2.The pure nutrient components of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in the investigated counties were 96.0-1156.5,58.5-511.5,96-3300 kg/hm^2.There were three types of organic fertilizer in the investigated area,induding commercial organic fertilizer,farmyard fertilizer and cake fertilizer with the application amount of 0.9-2.5,1.7-45.0,0.7-1.1 t/hm^2.[Conclusion]There are problems in fertilizer application in the main watermelon-muskmelon producing areas of Anhui Province,such as excessive application of chemical fertilizer,imbalance of nutrient elements,large application amount of organic fertilizer and poor quality,etc.,which need to be recommended scientifically and reasonably in the future.