不同水旱轮作方式下氮肥减量对水稻产量及土壤养分的影响

Effects of Nitrogen Reduction on Rice Yield and Soil Nutrients under Different Rotation Systems

为研究不同水旱轮作方式对水稻产量及周年效益的影响,摸索土壤养分变化规律,减少水稻季氮肥投入量,改善土壤理化性状,在光明米业有限公司崇明种植基地进行了小麦-水稻、油菜-水稻、绿肥(蚕豆)-水稻、休耕-水稻4种不同水旱轮作。结果表明,绿肥-水稻轮作下236.25 kg/hm^2施氮处理水稻产量最高,为9923.22 kg/hm^2.从周年经济效益来看,油菜-绿肥轮作方式下262.5 kg/hm^2施氮处理下周年经济效益最高,为15496.89元/hm^2。轮作后,土壤有机质周年含量以绿肥-水稻升高最为明显,上升3.3 g/kg。

In order to choose the best water and drought rotation system that could increase rice yield,reduce nitrogen application amount and improve soil physical and chemical properties,study on different rotation methods was carried out in the base of Bright Rice Limited Company in Chongming,such as rice-wheat rotation,rice-rape rotation,rice-green manure(broad bean)rotation,rice-fallow rotation.The results showed that the rice-green manure rotation treatment obtained 9923.22 kg/hm^2 rice yield with 236.25 kg/hm^2 nitrogen input,which was the highest among the four different rotations,from the whole-year economy benefit,the rice-rape rotation with 262.5 kg/hm^2 nitrogen input performed better than others,as it gained 15496.89 yuan/hm^2.About the whole-year soil fertility change,rice-green manure rotation showed better,which increased by 3.3 g/kg.