抗逆元件及其在高效微生物细胞工厂构建中的应用进展

Tolerance Elements and Their Application Progress on the Construction of Highly-efficient Microbial Cell Factory

微生物作为重要的细胞工厂,其应用时经常面临的各种胁迫条件严重制约细胞活力和生产性能。大量文献证明,微生物的胁迫耐受性是受到胞内多个代谢途径和生理系统调控的复杂表型。那么,挖掘和应用增强菌株胁迫耐受性的抗逆元件是构建高效微生物细胞工厂的有效手段。目前,已报道的微生物抗逆元件主要包括调控细胞壁和细胞膜、DNA修复、氧化应激、相容性溶质、能量产生和信号转导的相关基因以及外排泵、热激蛋白和全局转录因子等。着重介绍了近年来抗逆元件及其在高效微生物细胞工厂构建中的应用实例,同时,讨论了实际应用中可能面临的机遇与挑战。

Microorganisms,acting as cell factory,often encounter various stresses during the application process,which severely restrict cell viability and production performance.It is widely accepted that cell stress tolerance is a complex phenotype controlled by multiple intracellular metabolic pathways and diverse physiological systems.Therefore,the exploration and application for tolerance elements that endow strains with higher stress tolerance are an effective approach to construct highly-efficient microbial cell factory.At present,the reported tolerance elements mainly include the related genes that regulate cell wall and cell membrane,DNA repair,oxidative responses to stress,compatible solutes,energy generation and signal transduction as well as efflux pumps,heat shock proteins and global transcriptional factors.In this paper,tolerance elements and their application cases on the construction of highly-efficient microbial cell factory are reviewed.Meanwhile,the opportunities and challenges in practice are discussed.