2019年上海市外来务工人员健康素养状况及影响因素分析

2019 Shanghai Migrant Workers'Health Literacy Status and Influencing Factors

目的分析2019年上海市外来务工人员健康素养状况及其影响因素,为制定提高健康素养的措施提供方法和依据。方法采用分层随机抽样方法,于2019年3~7月在上海市黄浦区25家单位抽取外来务工人员1022人作为研究对象,采用健康素养调查问卷对外来务工人员进行调查,比较不同人口学特征的外来务工人健康素养总体得分及4个维度各得分情况,并分析健康素养达标的影响因素。结果共发放问卷1022份,其中有效问卷1000份,有效率为97.85%。调查对象男女比例大约为1.22∶1,年龄主要集中于20~54岁年龄段,以中等教育程度初中、高中、职高和中专学历为主,来源地以华东地区为主,来沪工作年限以1~5年为主,平均月收入多为1000~4999元。不同性别、年龄的外来务工人员健康素养总分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);不同文化程度、来源地、来沪工作年限、平均月收入的外来务工人员健康素养总分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归模型分析显示,来源地、来沪工作年文化程度和平均月收入是上海地区外来务工人员健康素养水平的影响因素,其中平均月收入是健康素养达标率的重要影响因素。结论外来务工人员健康素养水平偏低,其中初中、高中、职高、中专学历,来自华北、西南、西北、东三省地区及平均月收入5000~9999元的上海地区外来务工人员是健康素养达标的主要人群。

Objective To understand the health literacy status of migrant workers in Shanghai in 2019,analyze its influencing factors,and provide methods and basis for formulating measures to improve health literacy.Methods Stratified random sampling method was used to select 1022 migrant workers from 25 units in Huangpu District,Shanghai from March to July 2019 as the research object.The health literacy questionnaire was used to investigate migrant workers and compare different demographic characteristics.Of migrant workers'overall health literacy scores and scores in each of the four dimensions,and analyze the influencing factors of achieving health literacy standards.Results A total of 1022 questionnaires were distributed,including 1000 valid questionnaires,with an effective rate of 97.85%.The ratio of men and women surveyed is about 1.22:1,the age is mainly concentrated in the age group of 20-54 years old,mainly with junior high school,high school,vocational high school and technical secondary school education,the source is mainly in East China,and the number of working years in Shanghai is mainly from 1 to 5 years,the average monthly income is mostly 1000 to 4999 yuan.Comparing the total health literacy scores of migrant workers of different genders and ages,the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05);the comparison of the total health literacy scores of migrant workers of different education levels,origins,working years in Shanghai,and average monthly income,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Logistic regression model analysis shows that the source,education level in Shanghai and average monthly income are the influencing factors of the health literacy level of migrant workers in Shanghai.Among them,the average monthly income is an important factor influencing the health literacy compliance rate.Conclusion Migrant workers have a low level of health literacy.Among them,junior high school,high school,vocational high school,and technical secondary school education,migrant workers from North China,Southwest,Northwest,and East provinces and Shanghai area with an average monthly income of 5000-9999 yuan are the main crowd health literacy standards.