农村失能老人家庭照顾者的角色冲突研究

A Qualitative Study on the Role Conflict of the Family Caregiver of Rural Disabled Elderly

采用观察法和访谈法等定性研究方法,对家庭照顾者在失能老年人照顾过程中所面临的角色冲突、导致角色冲突问题的原因进行研究。结果发现,农村失能老人家庭照顾者这一角色具有具体性、长期性、复杂性等特征,家庭照顾者面临着发生在家庭范围内外两方面的角色间冲突,同时还存在不同类型的角色内冲突,如超载型角色冲突、适应型角色冲突、期待型角色冲突。究其原因,这些角色冲突主要是由:照顾者角色承担者的角色能力不足,角色认同不足,不同行为主体的角色期待不同,角色距离偏差以及不同角色差异等原因所引发的。因此,有必要通过建设农村专业养老资源、弘扬孝老敬亲传统文化和联结专业照顾资源等几个方面,缓解家庭照顾者的角色冲突,促进家庭照顾者更好地发挥其角色功能,使农村失能老人得到更好的家庭照顾。

Using qualitative research methods such as observation method and interview method,the role conflicts faced by family caregivers in the care process of rural disabled elderly and the causes of role conflicts was explored.The result shows that the role of family caregivers for rural disabled elderly is specific,long-term,and complex.Family caregivers face the conflicts between roles that occur both within and outside the family,and there are also different types of intra-role conflicts,such as the overload,the adaptive,the expected.The main reason is that these role conflicts are mainly caused by the lack of role ability of the role of caregiver,the lack of role identity,the differences of role expectations from different body,the deviation of the role distance,and the differences in different roles.Therefore,it is necessary to alleviate the role conflict of family caregivers by building rural professional resources for providing for the elderly,promoting the traditional culture of filial piety and respect for the elderly and pro-family,and connecting professional care resources,to promote family caregivers to better play their role functions,so that rural disabled elderly get better family care.