2006-2018年河南省职业性噪声聋发病特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of occupational noise-induced deafness in Henan province from 2006 to 2018

目的分析2006-2018年河南省新发职业性噪声聋的发病特征。方法通过职业病与职业卫生信息监测系统收集2006-2018年河南省新发职业性噪声聋病例,对其基本情况、职业史、企业性质以及行业分布等信息进行统计分析。结果2006-2018年河南省共报告新发职业性噪声聋162例,呈逐年上升趋势,拟合直线方程为y=2.3516x-4。病例中男性占93.21%;诊断时的年龄中位数为47.0岁,工龄中位数为16年,其中操作工工龄明显低于辅助工。病例工作地区主要在郑州市、焦作市、洛阳、平顶山、安阳,占全部病例的83.95%。以采矿业和制造业为主,分别占50.00%和43.21%,经济类型分布以国有经济(79.01%)为主,企业规模分布以大中型企业(83.95%)为主。病例分布于87家企业,31家企业病例数在2~8例。结论河南省新发职业性噪声聋发病呈直线上升趋势,具有聚集性、群体性发病的特点。应加强重点地区、重点行业以及重点企业的职业病防治工作,有针对性地采取防治措施,保护职业人群健康。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of occupational noise-induced deafness in Henan province from 2006 to 2018.Methods Occupational noise-induced deafness cases were collected from the China Disease Control and Prevention Information System,and the basic information,occupational history,nature of enterprises and industry distribution were statistically analyzed.Results There were 162 cases of occupational noise-induced deafness,showing an overall upward trend.The fitting linear equation was Y=2.3516x-4.Males accounted for 93.21%of all cases.The median age was 47 years old,and the median length of noise exposure was 16 years.The operator's length of noise exposure was significantly lower than that of the auxiliary worker.A total of 83.95%of all cases came from Zhengzhou,Jiaozuo,Luoyang,Pingdingshan and Anyang.50.00%were mining cases and 43.21%were manufacturing cases.The distribution of economic types was mainly state-owned economy(79.01%),and the distribution of enterprise size was mainly large and mediumsized enterprises(83.95%).All cases were distributed in 87 enterprises,and 2-8 cases occurred in 31 enterprises.Conclusions Occupational noise-induced deafness in Henan province had an overall rising trend,had aggregation and group characteristic.It is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of occupational disease for the key areas,key industries and key enterprises.