浅析我国甘蔗生产全程机械化的困境与前景

Difficulties and Prospects of Sugarcane Production Mechanization in China

我国甘蔗生产机械化自上世纪50年代末起步,但前期大多停留在研究示范阶段,直至2010年前后,除耕地已经大部分实现机械化之外,甘蔗生产的机种、机管、机收等环节发展缓慢,2010年之后开始大力推进甘蔗生产全程机械化,虽然在机种、机管环节取得较好的推进速度但依然未尽如人意,同时,机收自2015年前后大范围推广至今,虽然各方参与热情高涨,机器数量激增,但机收比例提升缓慢,成为瓶颈。本文对我国甘蔗生产机械化当前存在的适宜机械化作业土地少、农机农具与生产条件和农艺不相适应、机种质量不稳定、机收的综合经济效益不高以及机收蔗与现有加工工艺之间的矛盾等问题予以分析,并尝试从甘蔗种植、农机服务、制糖加工这3个产业链环节主体之间的关系和利益链结构角度,解析现存的对推进全程机械化的迫切感认知差异和利益分配不合理等问题导致的机收成为瓶颈且连续多年未找到有效解决方法的原因。本文从蔗糖产业发展的国家战略需求和推进全程机械化要遵循的事物发展规律等角度,作出我国甘蔗生产全程机械化发展前景是光明的判断。

The mechanization of sugarcane production in China started in the late 1950s,but most of the early stage remained in the stage of research and demonstration.Until 2010,except that most of the land had been plowed mechanically,the development of mechanical planting,mechanized cultivation management,mechanized harvest and other links were slow.After 2010,the whole process mechanization of sugarcane production began to be vigorously promoted.Although,good propulsion speed had been mechanical planting,mechanized cultivation management,it was still dissatisfied.At the same time,mechanized harvest had been widely promoted since 2015,although the enthusiasm of all parties involved was high and the number of machines was surging.However,the proportion of mechanized harvest had been raised slowly,which had become a bottleneck.This paper analyzed the problems existing in the mechanization of sugarcane production in China,such as the lack of suitable land for mechanized operation,the inadaptability of agricultural machinery and tools to production conditions and agronomy,unstable quality of mechanized planting,the low comprehensive economic benefit of machine harvest,and the contradiction between the machine harvest sugarcane and the existing processing technology.It also attempted to analyze the three main links of industrial chain,namely sugarcane planting,agricultural machinery service and sugar processing.From the perspective of relationship and interest chain structure,this paper analyzed the reasons why the existing problems,To analyze the reasons why the harvest of mechanization had become a bottleneck and no effective solution had been found for many years because of the existing cognitive differences in the sense of urgency to promote the whole process mechanization and the unreasonable distribution of benefits.From the point of view of the national strategic demand for the development of sugar industry and the development law of things to be followed in promoting the whole process mechanization,this article made a bright judgment on the development prospect of the whole process mechanization of sugarcane production in China.