中国多维城市空间结构与地区收入差距

Multidimensional Urban Spatial Structure and Regional Income Disparity

基于DSMP/OLS全球夜间灯光数据,衡量了1992-2013年市域、省域、省际3个维度的城市空间结构,分析其对地区收入差距的影响程度及作用机制。研究发现,市域维度上城市空间结构越集聚,地区收入差距越小,而省域及省际维度上二者关系相反,城市空间结构越集聚、地区收入差距越大。同时考察了对应维度上的产业结构特征、人力资本水平、外商投资比重、政府财政支出、固定资产投资对上述关系的影响。结果发现,非中心城市的二产比重、人力资本水平、外商投资比重越高,对应维度上的地区收入差距越小,而政府财政支出和固定资产投资在不同维度上的作用不尽一致。

Based on the context of Chinese analysis, this paper divides the spatial dimension into three levels:intra-provincial, provincial, and municipal, and puts forward two theoretical hypotheses: firstly, on the spatial scale of the municipal area, the spatial agglomeration is conducive to reducing regional income gap;secondly,at the provincial spatial scale, moderate spatial dispersion of factors is conducive to narrowing the regional income gap. This paper uses DMSP/OLS global nighttime light data to measure the urban spatial structure. We find that at municipal level, urban spatial structure expressed by the proportion of night light in the municipal jurisdiction, has a negative effect on the income gap. After controlling the exogenous influence of government behavior, industrial characteristics, and urban characteristics, and considering the self-inertia regional income gap, the conclusion is still robust. At provincial level, we find that the more concentrated the spatial structure of province, the greater the regional income gap. This conclusion is still robust after controlling the characteristics of provincial government, industry and nature. At intra-provincial level, Shanghai’s primacy ratio is positively correlated with the income gap of the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration, indicating that the more dispersed the intra-provincial urban spatial structure, the smaller the regional income gap. The above conclusions have important policy implications. From the perspective of narrowing the regional income gap, it is necessary to formulate appropriate urban development policies for different spatial scales.