中国刑法犯罪化与非犯罪化的述评与展望——以犯罪化与非犯罪化的概念解构为切入点

Review and Outlook of China's Criminalization&Decriminalization—Based on Conceptual Analysis of Such Two Terms

犯罪化与非犯罪化既非此即彼又能共同发展。这一悖论存在的原因在于这两个概念内核的丰富性、复杂性,导致同样的表述下隐藏着多个层次的内涵,有必要将其明晰化。犯罪化与非犯罪化概念可从多个维度解构,两者宏观上互斥,微观上共存,而无论哪个层面均不存在二选一的问题。我国刑法发展的现实是既有犯罪化又有非犯罪化;既有罪质上的,又有罪量上的犯罪化与非犯罪化;整体呈犯罪化趋势。这是社会发展内在需要驱动下的结果,不是刑法发展刻意追求的目标。对具体的犯罪化或非犯罪化举措的合理性评价应以刑法规制的必要性为依托;对一国犯罪化与非犯罪化的整体评价应同时考虑增量和存量。未来我国刑法发展将呈现犯罪化与非犯罪化并行的趋势,一定时期内仍将主要体现为犯罪化,并应同步推进刑罚的轻缓化。这是法治化以及刑法现代化的应有之意。

Criminalization and decriminalization are not only mutually exclusive but also coexistent at the same time.The reason for this paradox lies in the richness and complexity of the core of such two terms,resulting in multiple-level connotations hiden in the same expression,so it is necessary to make clarification.Such terms as criminalization and decriminalization can be interpreted from different dimensions.They are mutually exclusive at the macro level,and coexistent at the micro level,and there's no either-or question in any case.In the development of China's criminal law,there are both criminalization and decriminalization,qualitatively and quantitatively,with the trend of criminalization on the whole.This is the result driven by the internal needs of social development,instead of the objective artificially made for criminal law development.The evaluation of whether the criminalization or decriminalization of a conduct is reasonable should be based on the necessity of criminal involvement.And the comprehensive evaluation of the situation of criminalization and decriminalization in one country,the increment and existing stock should be considered simultaneously.In the future development of the criminal law in China,criminalization and decriminalization will take place simultaneously,with focus on criminalization in a certain period,and at the same time it's necessary to make penalty and sanctions generally lighter,which is the due meaning of rule of law and modernization of the criminal law.