对法益批判立法功能的反思与确认

The Reflection and Confirmation of the Function of Legal Interest in Criticizing Legislation

所谓“法益理论危机”不过是法益论与规范论之争的另一种延续。法益标签化的现象表明,刑法中的规范论从未真正退场,而是以变换概念的方式潜藏在法益论之中,并以法益论的名义传播“刑法是通过维护规范效力来实现法益保护”的规范论命题,其根本目的是为了在法益论的语境下实现规范论的复兴。将对法益的保护代换为对规范效力的维护,并据此否定法益批判立法的功能,是对法益论的根本性误解。刑法中的法益具有批判立法的功能,它不仅在前实定法意义上为犯罪化立法的正当性判断提供指导,还在实定法意义上确定了可罚性的限定标准,并据以甄别行为之合法与不法。确立法益批判立法的功能,对于正确认识法益论和规范论的本质差异以及防止法益概念的标签化具有重要意义。

The so-called"crisis of Legal Interest Theory"is just another continuation of the dispute between Legal Interest Theory and Norm Theory.The phenomenon of labeling legal interest shows that Norm Theory in criminal law has never really stepped off the stage but hides in Legal Interest Theory by means of changing concept,and spreads the proposition that"criminal law realizes the protection of legal interest by maintaining the effectiveness of norm"in the name of Legal Interest Theory,the fundamental purpose of which is to resuscitate Norm Theory.It is a fundamental misunderstanding of Legal Interest Theory to replace the protection of legal interest with the maintenance of the effectiveness of norm and thus negating the function of legal interest in criticizing legislation interest.The legal interest in criminal law has the function of criticizing legislation,which does not only provide the guidance for checking the justification of criminalization legislation in the sense of pre-positive law,but also determine the standard of limiting culpability in the sense of positive law to judge the legitimacy or illegitimacy of a conduct.It is of important significance to establish the function of legal interest in criticizing legislation for correctly understanding the difference in nature between the Legal Interest Theory and Norm Theory and preventing the labelling of the concept of legal interest.