仁宗朝宋夏战争之下的茶马贸易

Tea and horse trade during the wars between Song and Xia in the Renzong period

北宋仁宗时期是茶马贸易的一个火热时段。真宗时期,夏州李德明坚持着和平共处,每年和宋进行贡使和回赐的贸易,并且建立榷场来支持双边的贸易,一切尚处在初始化阶段。转折点就在仁宗即位不久,李德明去世,其子元昊继位。元昊发动了宋夏战争,破坏了双边的和平稳定,宋也关闭了榷场及和市。一时间战乱纷争,宋夏茶马贸易转向活跃于地下交易也就是走私贸易。直到庆历四年双方和谈,宋每年给予夏岁赐,并且开放了榷场。茶马贸易才又恢复了正常贸易。茶马贸易不仅仅是双方边境人民生活、官场一定程度的刻画,也是在西夏三连胜后,主动求和的一个重要原因,更是维系双边的重要纽带。对于今天的国家建设有着重大的借鉴意义。

The period of Renzong in the northern Song dynasty was a hot period for tea and horse trade.During the reign of Zhenzong,Li Deming of Xiazhou insisted on peaceful co-existence and conducted trade with Song dynasty every year,and set up a court to support bilateral trade.Everything was still in the initial stage.The turning point appeared shortly after Renzong ascended the throne,when Li Deming died and his son,Yuan Hao,succeeded him.Yuan Hao launched the song-xia war,which destroyed the peace and stability of the two sides.A time of war and strife,the Song Xia tea horse trade turned to active underground trade is smuggling trade.Up to the four years of peace talks between the two sides,Song gave Xia Sui an annual gift and opened the forum.The tea and horse trade resumed a certain degree of normal trade.The tea-horse trade was not only a description of the people′s life and officialdom on both sides of the border,but also an important reason for taking the initiative to Sui for peace after the three successive victories of the western Xia dynasty.It was also an important bond to maintain the bilateral ties.