东北农村流出人口就业状况及影响因素研究

A Study on the Employment Situation and the Impact Elements of Rural Outflow Population in Northeast China

人口迁移流动对迁出地与迁入地的经济社会发展都会产生不同程度的影响。近年来,东北地区人口流出及其与区域经济社会发展关系问题备受关注。基于2017年中国流动人口动态监测数据,从职业等级、就业身份及收入水平三个角度,在对东北地区农村流出人口就业状况及其影响因素进行分析时发现:东北农村人口流出具有显著的经济动因,表现为流动范围对东北农村流出人口的职业等级和收入水平具有显著影响,流动范围越大收入水平越高;东北农村流出人口的个体特征对其就业情况有显著影响,年龄、性别、婚姻状况和受教育程度是影响东北农村流出人口的职业等级、就业身份和收入水平的重要因素;就业特征对东北农村流出人口的收入水平影响尤为显著,相对较高的职业等级能够为就业者提供更高的劳动报酬和更为完善的社会保障。

The population migration will exert impact in varying degrees on economic and social development of move-in and move-out areas.In recent years,the impact of outflow population on the area’s economic and social development in Northeast has drawn much attention.This article gave a systematic analysis on the impact of outflow population on the northeast rural area’s economic and social development from the perspective of occupation stratification,employment status,and income level,and the data was based on the national flow population survey of 2017.The study found out that the outflow of rural population in the area has remarkable economic reasons,which motivated by pursuing the better jobs,better working condition,and better income.The impacts are from three aspects,first,the flow scale has obvious impact on occupation stratification and income level of outflow population,the bigger scale the better;secondly,in dividual features have remarkable impacts on the employment of outflow rural population,including age,sex,marriage status and education level,which are the important elements to determine the occupation stratification,employment status and income level;thirdly,the employment characteristics has great impact on the income of outflow population,the higher the occupation stratification,the better income and better social securities.