论李贽文学批评真伪观及其意义

On Li Zhi's View of Truth and Falsehood in Literary Criticism and Its Significance

李贽文学批评观的核心是真伪批评观,具有用绝对的“真”来衡量文学作品价值的特点,要求从文学创作主体、文学发生动因和目的、文学作品本身几个方面达到真心、真人到真文的统一,赋予文学以真实自然的美学标准。其批评观应用在实践中又体现出新的特点。传奇、小说批评是李贽文学批评实践的主要部分,从这些评论中反映出李贽真伪标准对传统儒家诗教内涵的突破。李贽真伪批评观在中晚明文学批评标准的转变中具有重要意义,打破了传统“文以载道”的观点,从人的本质来谈文的本质,提高了人的主体精神,是文学批评标准由中明善与不善到晚明真与不真转变的重要一环,对以公安派“性灵说”为代表的晚明文学思潮影响巨大。

The core of Li Zhi's view of literary criticism is the view of truth and falsehood,which has the characteristics of measuring the value of literary works with absolute"truth".It requires the unity of sincerity,reality and truth from the main body of literary creation,the cause and purpose of literary occurrence,and the literary works themselves,and endows literature with the aesthetic standard of real nature.The application of his critical view shows new characteristics in practice.The criticism of legends and novels is the main part of Li Zhi's literary criticism practice,which reflects the breakthrough of Li Zhi's truth and falsehood standards to the connotation of traditional Confucian poetry education.Li Zhi's view of truth and falsehood criticism is of great significance in the transformation of the standard of literary criticism in the middle and late Ming dynasty.It breaks the traditional view of"literature carries Tao",talks about the essence of literature from the essence of human beings,and promotes the spirit of human subject.It is also an important link in the transformation of the standard of literary criticism from the good and the bad to the true and the untrue in the late Ming dynasty,which has a huge impact on the literary trend of thought in the late Ming dynasty represented by the"theory of spirit"of the public security school.