教育知识的基础与教育研究范式分类

The Base of Educational Knowledge and the Categories of Educational Research Paradigms

研究者对教育研究方法论的巨大分歧是教育学不成熟的表现,但教育实践跨度大、参与者众多,教育研究要面对不同性质的问题,满足不同主体的要求,单一的方法论难以应付。根据生成教育知识的基础和依据,可将教育研究的范式分为基于经验的、基于逻辑的和基于体验的三种。经验研究基于人类共同感知和形式逻辑,可定量亦可定性,具有最好的客观性和可靠性;基于逻辑的规范研究主要使用分析判断、公理推理、反思平衡方法;体验具有个人性、社会文化性和人类共同性,但体验研究的合法性经常面临挑战。从可靠性和准确性角度看,能经验研究的问题,不用逻辑思辨研究方法和体验研究方法;适合定量研究的问题,不用定性研究方法。

Researchers’ sharp divergence in the methodology of educational research reflects the immaturity of the discipline of education. However,owing to large-span educational practice and numerous stakeholders,educational research needs to face problems different in nature and cater to the needs of different groups,thus it is impossible to merely use a single methodology. This paper,based on the generation of educational knowledge,categorizes educational research into three paradigms:empirical,logic-based,and experience-based. Empirical research,based on human perceptions and formal logic,can be quantitative or qualitative,and is objective and reliable;logic-based research depends on analytic judgments,axiomatic reasoning,and reflective equilibrium;experience-based research,featured by individuality,social culture,and the common human nature,often has to meet the challenge to legitimacy. If we value reliability and accuracy,we are supposed to choose empirical research rather than logic-based research or experience-based research;if a problem can be solved by means of quantitative research,we cannot choose qualitative research.