铁道车辆物理参数识别方法研究

Research on Identification Method of Railway Vehicle Physical Parameters

针对铁道车辆物理参数识别问题,首先通过状态空间理论和模态空间理论获得了车辆系统状态矩阵,接着分别提出了附加质量法和比例关系法两种铁道车辆物理参数识别方法。附加质量法可识别车辆全部物理参数,但需要将特定的质量附加到车辆系统中。比例关系法无需附加质量,以构架质量参数已知为前提条件来对车辆其余物理参数进行识别。设计了用于物理参数识别的车辆定向激励工况,并通过仿真试验对两种物理参数识别方法进行了验证及对比分析。结果表明,采用附加质量法进行车辆物理参数识别时,附加质量大小选取为车辆系统质量的3%识别精度最高;附加质量法和比例关系法在识别精度和测试实施难度方面各有优缺点,因此,在实际车辆物理参数识别中,可根据现场情况,合理选择识别方法。

Aiming at the problem of identifying the physical parameters of railway vehicle, the state matrix of the vehicle system is obtained through state space theory and modal space theory, and then two methods of identifying the physical parameters of railway vehicles are proposed, namely, additional mass method and proportional relationship method. The additional mass method can identify all the physical parameters of the vehicle, but a specific mass needs to be added to the vehicle system. The proportional relationship method does not require additional mass, and the remaining physical parameters of the vehicle are identified on the premise that the frame quality parameter is known. The directional excitation conditions of the vehicle for physical parameter identification are designed, and the two physical parameter identification methods are verified and compared through simulation tests. The results show that adopting the additional mass method, the identification accuracy is highest when the additional mass is selected as 3% of the vehicle system. The additional mass method and the proportional relationship method have their own advantages and disadvantages in terms of identification accuracy and test implementation difficulty. Therefore, in the actual vehicle physical parameter identification, the identification method needs to be selected according to the site conditions.