广西引进甘蔗品种(系)的比较筛选与综合评价

Screening and Evaluation of Sugarcane Cultivars for Germplasm Collection in Guangxi

【目的】引进和筛选高产、高糖、抗逆性强的甘蔗优良新品种,为广西甘蔗产业基地建设提供后备品种,促进广西糖业的可持续发展。【方法】2016年3月至2018年1月在广西农垦国有新兴农场甘蔗基地进行大田1年新植1年宿根的品比试验,以10个甘蔗品种(系)为材料,比较各品种(系)的农艺性状等。【结果】凉蔗系列(包括桂热系列)的新植及宿根蔗均在产量和产糖量方面表现出优势,其中:新植蔗LZ02-186、LZ07-53、GR2和LZ03-81的产糖量均高于CK(ROC22),GR2宿根蔗在产量和产糖量方面也表现出了较大优势,产糖量达16.32 t·hm^−2,超过CK 57.68%,LZ02-186和LZ03-81宿根蔗产糖量也较CK高。【结论】GR2的宿根性及抗性等综合性状好,具有一定的推广价值,可作为下一步重点示范的新品系;LZ02-186、LZ03-81虽然糖分略低,但其在有效茎数、蔗茎产量方面都存在较大优势,抗性也较好,建议作为优良的种质资源备用。

【Objective】Sugarcane cultivars exhibiting the characteristics of high-yield,sugar content and stress-resistance from various sources were screened for a germplasm collection in preparation for a 3000 hm2 experimental station on the development of a sustainable sugar industry in Guangxi.【Method】The agronomic traits of 10 sugarcane varieties were compared in a one-year-new-planting followed by another year of ratooning on Xinxing Farm in Liuzhou,Guangxi from March 2016 till January 2018.【Result】During the two planting years,the LZ(including GR)series showed superior performances on yield and sugar content.Under the one-year-new-planting,the cultivars LZ02-186,LZ07-53,GR2,and LZ03-81 produced more sugar per plant than CK(ROC22).In the ratoon year,GR2 delivered significantly higher yield and sugar.The sugar yield was 16.32 t·hm^−2,which was 57.7%higher than that of CK,while those of LZ02-186 and LZ03-81 were higher than CK as well.【Conclusion】Cultivar GR2 demonstrated desirable ratooning and resistance characteristics with high yield and sugar content and was a prime candidate for further investigation.Nonetheless,LZ02-186 and LZ03-81 that exhibited excellent traits on the number of productive stalks,cane yield,and stress-resistance were also recommended to be included in the germplasm collection.