巫山脆李新品种‘宛青’的选育

‘Wanqing’,a new late-maturing plum cultivar of Prunus salicina Lindl.Wushancuili

‘宛青’是从巫山脆李实生种群中选育出来的优质晚熟青脆李新品种。该品种树势较旺,萌芽力与成枝力强,枝条分支角度较大,树姿半开张,在重庆巫山,花芽3月上旬萌动,3月下旬进入盛花期,花期10 d左右,叶芽3月下旬开始萌动并进入展叶期,11月中下旬进入落叶期。树体营养生长持续约240 d;果实8月上旬成熟,比本地巫山脆李晚熟30~40 d,果实发育期约130 d,果实扁圆形,果尖略凹入,梗洼浅,缝合线浅,果实较对称,果皮绿色,偶着少量红色,果粉较厚,平均单果质量34.9 g,离核,果肉淡黄或黄色,果肉肉质硬脆,汁多,纤维极少,风味酸甜,果实成熟后无涩味;果实可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)16.4%,可溶性糖含量8.42%、可滴定酸含量0.67%、维生素C含量7.64 mg·100 g^-1;1 a(年)生嫁接苗定植后2 a即可结果,4 a后进入盛果期,5 a生树平均株产24.5 kg。该品种适宜在重庆三峡库区相似生态区栽培。

‘Wanqing’is a new late-maturing plum selected from Wushan plum populations.This variety has a relatively high vigorous tree growth with the strong abilities of germination and branching.The branch angle of the shoots is relatively larger,which makes the tree semi-open.In Wushan of Chongqing,flower buds germinate in early March,then enter the blooming period in late March with 10 days of flowering period.Leaf buds start to germinate in late March and enter the leaf exhibition period,and finally enter the deciduous period in mid-late November.Vegetative growth last about 240 d.Fruits mature in early August,which is 30-40 d later than the local Wushan plums.The fruit development period lasts about 130 days.Fruits of‘Wanqing’are flat and round with slightly concave tips;the stems and suture lines are shallow.Fruits look symmetrical.The skin is green,but occasionally a little red.The fruit peel bloom is thick and the average weight of fruits is 34.9 g.Fruit are freestone with yellowish or yellow flesh.The flesh is hard and crisp,which is full of juicy but with little fiber.The flavor tastes sour and sweet,and there is no acuity after fruits ripen.The testing shows that fruits contain 16.4%soluble solids,8.42%soluble sugar,0.67%titratable acid and 7.64 mg·100 g^-1 vitamin C;The trees can get fruits at 2 a after grafting and transplanting the 1a seedlings,and then can enter the fruiting stage after 4a,and the average yield of 5 a trees is 24.5 kg.This variety is suitable for cultivation at a similar ecological zone in Chongqing three gorges reservoir area.