基于中国学龄前儿童平衡膳食指数的2010—2012年中国学龄前儿童膳食质量评价

Evaluation of dietary quality of Chinese preschool children based on Chinese diet balance index for preschool children

目的构建中国学龄前儿童平衡膳食指数(DBI_C),并评价学龄前儿童的膳食质量。方法在中国平衡膳食指数(2016年修订版)的基础上,参照学龄前儿童推荐摄入量进行调整,构建DBI_C。利用2010—2012年中国居民营养与健康状况监测膳食调查数据,选取有完整3 d 24 h膳食调查数据的1634名学龄前儿童,利用DBI_C中负端分、正端分和膳食质量距[M(P25,P75)]评价膳食质量,并进行不同地区间差异比较。结果大城市、中小城市、普通农村和贫困农村学龄前儿童谷类摄入均比较充足,DBI_C得分依次为0.0(-2.0,6.0)、0.0(0.0,6.0)、4.0(0.0,10.0)和10.0(2.0,12.0)(P<0.001);动物性食物DBI_C得分依次为0.0(-2.0,2.0)、0.0(-6.0,2.0)、-4.0(-6.0,0.0)和-6.0(-8.0,-2.0)(P<0.001),农村地区略有不足;四类地区学龄前儿童DBI_C蔬菜水果、豆类奶类摄入均不足,DBI_C得分中位数均低于0分;学龄前儿童DBI_C负端分为24.0(18.0,30.0),四类地区学龄前儿童没有膳食摄入不足问题的占比分别为30.8%、7.8%、4.3%和1.1%(P<0.001);正端分为8.0(3.0,13.0),四类地区学龄前儿童没有膳食摄入过量问题的占比分别为54.0%、57.3%、52.9%和32.6%(P<0.001);膳食质量距为33.0(26.0,39.0),四类地区学龄前儿童没有膳食失衡问题的占比分别为10.6%、1.1%、1.3%和0.3%(P<0.001)。结论城市学龄前儿童膳食质量总体优于农村,膳食失衡是该年龄段儿童的主要膳食问题。

Objective To establish Chinese diet balance index for preschool children(DBI_C),and evaluate the dietary quality of Chinese preschool children.Methods DBI_C was established according to the methods establishing DBI_16 and the recommended intake of different kinds of food for preschool children.Three scoring methods[low bound score(LBS),high bound score(HBS),diet quality distance(DQD)]were used to evaluate the dietary quality of preschool children selected from the 2010-2012 China National Nutrition and Health Surveillance.Scores[P50(P25,P75)]were compared to reflect the diet quality of preschool children in different regions.Results DBI_C scores for cereals of preschool children from big city,middle and small city,normal rural area,and poor rural area were 0.0(-2.0,6.0),0.0(0.0,6.0),4.0(0.0,10.0),and 10.0(2.0,12.0),respectively(P<0.001),indicating that the intakes of cereals of preschool children were adequate.Scores for animal food of preschool children from four types of location were 0.0(-2.0,2.0),0.0(-6.0,2.0),-4.0(-6.0,0.0),and-6.0(-8.0,-2.0),respectively(P<0.001),indicating that the intakes of animal food of rural preschool children were inadequate.Scores for vegetable and fruit,milk and soybean were both less than 0(P<0.001),indicating that the intakes of these food were insufficient in both urban and rural area.Scores of LBS,HBS and DQD were 24.0(18.0,30.0),8.0(3.0,13.0)and 33.0(26.0,39.0).Children without diet insufficient problem in four type of location accounted for 30.8%,7.8%,4.3%and 1.1%,respectively(P<0.001).Children without diet excessive problem accounted for 54.0%,57.3%,52.9%and 32.6%,respectively(P<0.001).Children without diet imbalance problem were 10.6%,1.1%,1.3%and 0.3%,respectively(P<0.001).Conclusion Diet quality of urban preschool children is better than that of rural preschool children.Dietary imbalance is the main problem among Chinese preschool children.