计及山地城市时空特性的充电设施最优规划

Optimal Planning for Charging Facilities Considering Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Mountainous Cities

山地城市道路非直线、非平面化延展,各时段、路段通行能力存在差异,是充电设施规划需要考虑的重要因素。首先,提出爬坡系数和交通拥堵系数,量化了山地城市道路的时、空特性对用户出行的影响,据此基于改进的Floyd最短路径算法,计算分析了用户出行成本。其次,考虑各时段城市交通状况,提出自给率系数,表征滞留车辆产生的随机充电负荷。继而,分析用户各时段出行目的和充电需求,对应用户的差异化充电方式和充电设施需求。最后,抽象化山地城市交通路网,结合交通流量数据,以社会年综合成本最小为目标函数建立最优规划模型,并分析评估多种充电负荷接入对配电网的影响。以中国西南地区某山地城市作为算例,采用场景分析,计算获得不同电动汽车渗透率下充电设施布局方案,当渗透率达到50%时,配电网部分变压器负载率达到86%~168%,据此给出变压器扩容建议。

Mountainous urban roads usually extend in a non-linear and non-planar way,and traffic capacities in different periods and sections of the roads is various,which is an important factor to be considered in the charging facility planning.Firstly,the climbing coefficient and the traffic congestion coefficient are proposed to quantify the influence of the spatial and temporal characteristics of the mountainous city roads on the user’s trips,based on which the improved Floyd shortest path algorithm is used to calculate the user’s travel costs.Secondly,considering the traffic conditions of cities in different periods,the self-sufficiency coefficient is proposed to express the random charging load generated by the stranded vehicles.Then,the user’s travel destination and charging demand in each period are categorized to correspond to the user’s differentiated charging methods and charging facility demands.Finally,the mountainous city traffic roads network is abstracted,and combining with the traffic flow data,the optimal planning model is established with the minimum social annual composite cost as the objective function so as to evaluate the impact of multiple charging load access on the distribution network.This paper takes a mountainous city in southwestern China as an example,and the scenario analysis is used to calculate the planning of charging facility under different electric vehicle penetration rates.When the penetration rate reaches 50%,some transformers load factor of the distribution network will get to 86%~168%,with which the transformers expansion proposals are given.