竞争性市场环境下的储气库监管——美英储气库监管经验及启示

Underground gas storage regulatory considerations in liberalized natural gas market--Experiences and enlightenments of gas storage supervision in the US and UK

世界各国储气库发展水平相差很大,美欧发展水平较高,储气库市场比较成熟。提高市场化程度是吸引对储气库投资、促进储气库发展的重要手段,但需要有效的监管。美国储气库相关法规比较健全,监管制度完善,州际州内储气库由不同管理部门负责监管,监管部门以满足用户需求和保护用户利益为主,同时确保储气库运营商获取合理的回报。英国储气库市场比较成熟,自由化程度较高,储气库监管推行不同的第三方准入方式。中国储气库建设起步较晚,虽然近年来发展较快,但仍不能满足要求。目前储气库的盈利水平比较低,投资主体比较单一,市场化程度较低。需要通过完善相关法规、建立完善的储气库监管框架、建立高效透明的市场交易机制等措施,更好地促进储气库的发展。

The level of underground gas storage development is highly uneven in the world and gas storage market is relatively mature in North America and Europe because of their development levels.Liberalization of gas market is an important way to attract gas storage investment and improve its development,but it needs effective regulation.The US has mature laws and regulation systems for underground gas storage.The inter-state gas storage is supervised by different regulatory departments,which mainly meet the needs of users,protect the interests of users,and ensure the gas storage operators to obtain reasonable returns.The gas storage market in the UK is relatively mature with a high degree of liberalization,and the regulation of gas storage adopts different third-party access methods.In China,the working gas capacity is far from meeting the requirements of gas market,due to its late starting although the construction of gas storage has developed rapidly in recent years.Under the low profitability of gas storage facilities,single investor,and weak market liberalization,it is urgent to promote the development of gas storage through improving relevant laws and regulations,establishing a sound regulatory framework for gas storage,and formulating an efficient and transparent market trading mechanism.