清初女性流人“妻职”角色的呈现——以方拱乾《何陋居集》家事题材作品的考察为中心

The Presentation of the Roles of Exiles’Wives in the Early Qing Dynasty——Focusing on the Investigation of Fang Gongqian’s Works of A Collection of Poems at Humble Residence

清代顺康之际的宁古塔,是流人眼中的绝域和死地。相比男性文化流人通过诗文创作实现的反复自我言说,女性流人却往往处于集体失声之中。方拱乾的《何陋居集》是一部最早描写清代宁古塔流人生活的诗集,其中包含较多数量的家事题材作品。从性别化视角对这些作品进行梳理,辅以家谱等相关资料为补充,可考察身为流人之妻的女性处“流”的态度和行为,以及在家庭战胜生存危机、疗治男性精神创伤方面发挥的重要作用,进而挖掘传统家族文化中“和妻子”的当代意义。

The Ninggu Pagoda in Shunkang Period of Qing Dynasty seemed a Jedi and a dead place in the eyes of exiles.In contrast to the repeated self-expression realized by the exiled male literati through their poetries,the exiled women were often in a state of collective silence.Fang Gongqian’s A Collection of Poems at Humble Residence was one of the earliest poems describing the life of the exiled people in Ninggu Pagoda in the Qing Dynasty,which contained a large number of works about family stories.By combing these works from the perspective of gendering,supplemented by genealogy and other relevant materials,we can investigate the attitude and behaviors of exiles’wives,as well as the important roles they played in overcoming the crisis of survival and curing the mental trauma of men,so as to explore the contemporary significance of wives in traditional family culture.