高校教师科技型创业的制度研究

On the promotion policy of science and technology-based entrepreneurship of university teachers

高校教师是高技术、高素质群体,蕴藏着极大的创新创业潜力。鼓励和扶持高校教师利用自身科研优势创业,有利于提高我国的创业层次,优化产业结构;有利于产学研实质融合;有利于最大限度地发掘高校人才红利。高校教师的科技型创业动机受到四个因素——市场机会、创业者才能、自我发展的需要和制度条件的制约。其中,自我发展的需要和制度条件受到政策影响程度最深,是政策创新和完善的着力点。一方面,要使高校教师意识到创业是自我发展的需要,另一方面要打破高校教师创业的制度壁垒。要做到以上两点,就需要创新高校人事管理制度,包括高校教师离岗创业制度和在岗创业制度;要完善项目资金使用制度和创业融资制度。

University teachers are high-tech and high-quality groups,which contain great potential for innovation and entrepreneurship.There are three benefits to encourage and support university teachers to take advantage of their own scientific achievements to start a business.Firstly,it is improving the level of entrepreneurship and optimizing the industrial structure in our country.Secondly,it is to realize the substantive integration of production,education and research.Thirdly,it is to maximize the dividends of university talent.University teachers’entrepreneurial motivation is influenced by four factors:market opportunities,entrepreneurship,self-development needs and institutional conditions.The need of self-development and institutional conditions are the two factors greatly affected by policy,on which the focus of policy innovation and perfection should be put.On the one hand,it is necessary to make university teachers realize that entrepreneurship is the need of self-development.On the other hand,the institutional barriers of university teachers’entrepreneurship should be reduced in order to achieve these two points:firstly,it is necessary to innovate the personnel management system in universities,including the system of starting a business leaving the post and the system of starting a business at the post,secondly,it is necessary to improve the system of project fund use and the system of venture financing.