烟草温光特性研究与利用:Ⅱ.气象因素对山东主栽烤烟品种生长发育及产质量的影响

Investigation and Utilization of Temperature and Light Characteristics of Tobacco:Ⅱ.Effects of Meteorological Factors on Growth,Development,Yield and Quality of Main Varieties in Shandong Tobacco-growing Areas

为明确山东烟叶生产限制气象因子,优化气候资源配置,以主栽品种NC55、NC102和ZY100为材料,连续多年设置不同移栽期试验,研究气象因素与烟草生长发育和产量品质的关系。结果表明,移栽期对山东烟草农艺、经济性状有一定影响,对烟叶质量有显著影响;随移栽期推迟,部分试验叶宽增大,产量和产值表现先增后减趋势,大部分试验总植物碱含量显著下降,还原糖、总糖含量和糖碱比呈上升趋势,感官评吸质量呈现先升后降趋势。各气象因素与烟叶质量关联度顺序依次为日平均气温、日照时数、降水量。构建的基于温度的山东烟叶质量评价回归方程表明,NC55、NC102和ZY100在伸根期适宜平均气温分别为21.25~22.86℃、21.53~22.68℃、20.81~23.22℃,成熟后期适宜平均气温为23.67~24.54℃、24.32~24.83℃、22.03~24.42℃,结合山东省气温实际情况,NC55、NC102和ZY100适宜移栽期分别为5月5-19日、5月7-16日、5月1-25日。

In order to study the relationship between meteorological factors and growth,yield and quality of tobacco,and to clarify the limiting meteorological factors for tobacco leaf production and optimize the allocation of climate resources in Shandong,a series of experiments with different transplanting date treatments using main varieties including NC55,NC102 and ZY100 were conducted in multiple years.The results showed that transplanting date had certain influence on the agronomic and economic traits of tobacco and had significant effects on tobacco leaf quality.As the transplanting date being delayed,the leaf width in some experiments increased,the yield and output value of some experiments increased first and decreased afterwards,the total plant alkali content decreased significantly,the content of reducing sugar and total sugar,and the ratio of sugar to alkali increased,the quality sensory evaluation of tobacco leaves increased first and then decreased.The order of correlation between meteorological factors and tobacco leaf quality was daily average temperature>average sunshine hours>average precipitation.Regression equations for quality assessment of Shandong tobacco based on average temperature were constructed,and the temperature conditions required for the production of high-quality tobacco leaves for each variety were calculated,the results of which indicated that the suitable average temperature for NC55,NC102 and ZY100 were 21.25-22.86℃,21.53-22.68℃and 20.81-23.22℃during root spreading period,23.67-24.54℃,24.32-24.83℃and 22.03-24.42℃during late maturity period,respectively,and the inferred suitable transplanting dates for the three varieties was May 5 to 19,May 7 to 16 and May 1 to 25,respectively.