基于时空演化的露天矿运输线路存留状态判别算法

Spatio-temporal state discrimination and prediction of road transportation system in open-pit mine

露天矿采场是一个随时间协变的有源时空场,其内部的时空演化规律是露天矿开拓运输系统定线的重要基础,直接制约着露天矿运输道路的废除、重建和更新等相关决策。但多年受露天采场的自身复杂性限制,开拓定线仍以经验化的手工定线为主,尚缺乏一种科学化、系统化的定线方法,特别是对于已确定的运输线路随采、剥工程发展而发生的时空状态演化规律的判别与分析,直接制约着露天矿山道路运输系统设计的经济性。以开拓定线过程中既定坑线的存留问题为切入点,首先对露天矿采场内采、剥物料的运输线路的演化规律进行了有效分析和描述,并结合采、剥物料的场内流动特性,构建了不同坑线状态下的迁移模型。同时,为进一步定量化的描述运输道路的状态迁移模型,文中从分析运输线路与物料流之间的功能联系入手,引入矢量分析和场论的理论方法,结合采场采、剥物料实际给出了满足矢量场分析条件的均质流体假设,并进一步提出散度的概念、时空状态描述子的判别指标及利用散度的量化计算实现采、剥物料的迁移状态判别,从而为承载运输任务的运输线路的废除、重建和更新状态提供更为科学、合理的量化决策指标。最后,以不同计划工程位置上的开拓定线问题(混合坑线)为仿真实验,验证文中算法模型对于判别运输线路存留问题的有效性。实验结果表明:抽象散度的引入能有效地将采场内的有源矢量场划分为有源和无源区域,并能进一步判别出有源区域内流体的吸收或发散特性,且上述特性能极为理想的对应于运输线路的废除、重建、更新以及继续服务等几种状态,从而保证了这种区域化指标能为开拓定线过程中的区域性坑线布设提供更为理想的前期决策,有效解决了主观定线过程中线路更新难题。将应用数学、理论物理学中的通量、散度的概念引入到解决露天矿山的现实优化问题中,提出了一种定量化描述露天采场时空状态演化过程的新方法,弥补了现阶段手工定线主观经验化更新的不足,同时也为开拓运输系统的自动化优化定线算法的实现提供了一种路径更新判别的新思路。

The open-pit mine is an active space-time field that changes in coordination with time.Its internal spatiotemporal evolution law is an important basis for the development of open-pit mine transportation system and directly restricts the relevant decisions such as the abolition,reconstruction,and renewal of the open-pit mine transportation roads.Restricted by its transport system complexity in open pit mine for many years,the routing alignment is still conducted with experience of manual alignment.It lacks of a scientific and systematic method for alignment.Especially,the identified routing with mining,strip engineering development occurring in the course of the discrimination and analysis of state evolution laws of time and space directly restricts the efficiency of road transportation system in open-pit mine.This paper takes the state to identify the usage and abolition of the built route as the start point.Firstly,the evolution law of the transportation line for mining and stripping in open-pit mine is analyzed and described,and the migration model under different pit line conditions is proposed based on the material flow characteristics of mining and stripping.According to the fact that the material is mined and stripped in stope,the assumption of homogeneous flow satisfying the analysis condition of vector field is given,and the concept of divergence,the distinguishing index of spatiotemporal state descriptor and the quantitative calculation of divergence are put forward.Furthermore,the concept of divergence,the discriminant index of spatiotemporal state descriptor and the specific method of discriminating the migration state of material extraction and stripping are put forward.Therefore,it can provide a more scientific and reasonable quantitative decision-making index for the abolishment,reconstruction and update of the transportation lines carrying the transportation tasks.Finally,a simulation experiment is conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm model for identifying the transport line retention problem.The experimental results show that the introduction of abstract divergence can effectively divide the active vector field in the stope into active and passive regions,and further determine the absorption or divergence characteristics of the flow in the active region.And the above characteristics are ideally corresponding to the abolition,reconstruction,renewal,and continued service of the transportation route.Thus,this regionalization index can provide a more ideal early decision for regional pit line layout in the process of development and delimitation,and effectively solve the problem of line update in the process of subjective delimitation.This paper introduces the flux,divergence concept of applied mathematics and theoretical physics to solve the real open-pit mine optimization problems,proposes a quantitative description of the state of space-time evolution process in open-pit mine,makes up for the current manual alignment of subjective experience update,and provides a new idea for path updating and discrimination in realizing the automatic optimization of transportation system.