斋戒员工高温作业对水、电解质平衡的影响

Effect of fasting on water and electrolyte balance of workers exposed to high temperature

目的研究斋戒对高温作业员工水、电解质平衡的影响。方法对中东地区长城钻探公司某修井队所有斋戒员工斋月期间(2018年5月16日-6月15日)及开斋后1个月的水、电解质指标进行对照检测。结果斋戒期间员工所有检测项目指标都在正常值范围内。血钠(Na+)、二氧化碳(CO2)、血渗透压、尿渗透压斋月期间数值均低于非斋月期,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01);无论斋月期间或非斋月期,高温作业6 h后尿渗透压升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。斋月期间及非斋月期血液钾离子(K^+)、氯离子(Cl^-)、钙离子(Ca^2+)、镁离子(Mg^2+)、无机磷(P)、高温作业6 h尿量和24 h尿量检测结果比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论斋月期间高温作业对斋戒员工水、电解质平衡有明显影响,但都在正常范围内,可以认为对职工健康影响不大,斋月期间穆斯林员工可以从事日常工作。但斋月期间因钠盐摄入减少、高温作业致大量随汗丢失可能会导致低血钠发生,建议在斋月期间要额外增加电解质的补充。

Objective To study the effect of fasting on water and electrolyte balance of employees working in high temperature.Methods The water and electrolyte parameters of all fasting employees in a workover rig team of Greatwall Drilling Company in the Middle East during Ramadan(from May 16,2018 to June 15,2018)and one month after the end of Ramadan were compared.Results All test items of emloyees were within the normal range during Ramadan.The values of blood sodium(Na+),carbon dioxide(CO2),blood osmotic pressure and urine osmotic pressure during Ramadan were all significantly lower than those during non-Ramadan(all P<0.01).No matter during Ramadan or non-Ramadan,the osmotic pressure of urine increased after six hours of high-temperature operation,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01).There were no statistically significant differences in blood potassium ion(K^+),chloride ion(Cl^-),calcium ion(Ca^2+),magnesium ion(Mg^2+),inorganic phosphorus(P),urine volume during 6-hour and 24-hour operation at high temperature between Ramadan and non-Ramadan periods(all P>0.01).Conclusion High temperature operation during Ramadan has a significant impact on water and electrolyte balance of fasting employees,but within the normal range,it can be considered that it has little impact on the health of employees,and Muslim employees can engage in daily work during Ramadan.However,hyponatremia may occur due to the reduction of sodium intake and excessive sweat loss caused by high-temperature operations,it is suggested that additional electrolyte supplementation should be given during Ramadan.