2008-2018年云浮市职业病发病情况及防治对策

Epidemic characteristics and control strategies of occupational diseases in Yunfu City from 2008 to 2018

目的分析2008-2018年云浮市职业病发病情况,探讨其流行病学特征并提出防治对策。方法收集整理"职业病与职业卫生信息监测系统"中2008-2018年云浮市职业病报告卡,回顾性分析云浮市职业病发病的流行病学特征。结果2008-2018年云浮市共报告28例职业病,分别为职业性尘肺病(23例,82.1%)、职业性噪声聋(4例,14.3%)和其他呼吸系统疾病(哮喘,1例,3.6%);2008-2015年,仅有职业性尘肺病报告;近3年见多种职业病(职业性尘肺病、职业性噪声聋和职业性哮喘)报告。职业性尘肺病发病年龄M(P25,P75)为44.8(39.3,50.1)岁,不同期别发病年龄比较差异无统计学意义(H=0.607,P=0.738);职业性尘肺接尘工龄M(P25,P75)为8.3(4.8,13.9)年,不同期别接尘工龄比较差异无统计学意义(H=1.253,P=0.534),接尘工龄<5年的共7例(占30.4%);职业性噪声聋的发病年龄M(P25,P75)为47.6(12.8,50.6)岁,接噪工龄为17.6(7.1,27.9)年。新发25例职业病主要分布在采矿业(18例,72.0%)、私营企业(19例,76.0%)和小型企业(16例,64.0%)。结论2008-2018年云浮市职业病发病呈散发状态,以职业性矽肺为主,职业性噪声聋为辅。应加强对小型私营企业的监督管理,落实用人单位职业病防治主体责任。

Objective To analyze the incidence of occupational diseases in Yunfu City from 2008 to 2018,explore its epidemiological characteristics and put forward prevention and control measures.Methods The occupational disease report cards of Yunfu City in the"occupational disease and occupational health information monitoring system"from 2008 to 2018 were collected,and the epidemiological characteristics of occupational diseases were retrospectively analyzed.Results Totally 28 cases of occupational diseases were reported in Yunfu City from 2008 to 2018,including occupational pneumoconiosis(23 cases,82.1%),occupational noise deafness(4 cases,14.3%)and other respiratory diseases(asthma,1 case,3.6%).Only the pneumoconiosis was reported dur ing the period of 2008 to 2015.Multiple occupational diseases were reported in nearly 3 years,such as pneumoconiosis,occupational noise-induced deafness and asthma.The M(P25,P75)in age at onset of pneumoconiosis was 44.8(39.3,50.1)years old,and there was no significant difference in different periods(H=0.607,P=0.738).The M(P25,P75)in working length of dust exposure was 8.3(4.8,13.9)years,and there was no significant difference in different periods(H=1.253,P=0.534),of them,7 cases(30.4%)with dust exposure less than 5 years.The M(P25,P75)in age at onset and length of noise exposure of occupational noise-induced deafness was 47.6(12.8,50.6)years old and 17.6(7.1,27.9)years.The 25 new occupational diseases were mainly distributed in the mining industry(18 cases,72.0%),private enterprises(19 cases,76.0%)and small enterprises(16 cases,64.0%).Conclusion The incidence of occupational disease in Yunfu City are dissemination Currently,and dominated by occupational silicosis,followed by occupational noise-induced deafness.It is necessary to strengthen the supervision and management of small private enterprises in this area and implement the main responsibility of occupational disease prevention and control of employers.