我国高校专业教育模式的历史流变与发展进路--兼论高等教育内涵的重新审视

The Historical Changes and Development Approaches of Professional Education Models in Chinese Universities--Also on the Reinterpretation of the Connotation of“Higher Education”

专业教育是高校人才培养过程中的核心话题之一。基于历史、逻辑与比较的分析视角,较为系统地梳理了我国高校专业教育模式的演进与发展历程。总体观之,我国高校专业教育模式先后出现了三种形态:效仿苏联的专业教育模式、通识教育基础上的专业教育模式,以及融合创新创业教育的专业教育模式。我国专业教育模式的演进与发展折射出了不同时期人们对专业教育的认知水平和实践水平,人们在认识高等教育并对其进行理论研究和实践时,需要重新审视高等教育的内涵,并对其所涉及的学术教育、职业教育及创新创业教育进行通盘考虑。对于高校办学者而言,需要处理好职业准备、学术研究及专业实践之间的关系,并使三者在人才培养过程中形成良性的互动。

Professional education is one of the core topics in the process of talent training in colleges and universities.Based on the analytical perspective of history,logic and comparison,this paper systematically sorts out the evolution and development process of professional education model of colleges and universities in China.In general,there are three forms of professional education models in colleges and universities in China:the professional education model which imitates the former Soviet Union,the professional education model based on general education,and the professional education model integrating innovation and entrepreneurship education.The evolution and development of China’s professional education model reflect people’s cognitive level and practical level of professional education in different periods.When people understand higher education and carry out theoretical research and practice,they need to re-examine the connotation of higher education,and give a comprehensive consideration to its related academic education,vocational education and innovation and entrepreneurship education.As for universities,it is necessary to deal with the relationship among career preparation,academic research and professional practice,and make the three form a benign interaction in the process of talent training.