1999-2019年审定的短季棉品种主要性状分析

Analysis of Main Characters of Short-season Cotton Varieties from 1999 to 2019

为了系统了解短季棉的研究动态,培育新的适应生产的短季棉品种,以1999-2019年全国审定的45个短季棉品种为材料,对其生育期、农艺性状、产量、纤维品质和抗病性进行分析。结果表明,短季棉品种的生育期主要集中在110 d以内;铃质量、籽指变幅不大,衣分在2002年以后显著提高,皮棉产量差异较大,以新疆品种的产量较高;纤维长度和马克隆值基本符合品种要求,断裂比强度变幅较大,达到强和很强标准的占57.8%,有9个品种的比强度在很差等级上;枯萎病抗性大多能达到抗或高抗,黄萎病抗性较差。短季棉的纤维断裂比强度和黄萎病抗性是品种的重要制约因素,也是以后在育种工作中应着重提高的2个方面。

To systematically understand the research trends of short season cotton and cultivate new varieties of short season cotton suitable for production,the growth period,agronomic characters,yield,fiber quality and disease resistance of 45 short season cotton varieties approved in China from 1999 to 2019 were analyzed.The results showed that the growth period of short season cotton varieties was mainly within 110 d.The ranges of boll quality and seed inde were not large.After 2002,the lint percentage increased significantly.The lint yield was quite different,and the yield of Xinjiang varieties was higher.The fiber length and micronaire value basically met the requirements of varieties,but the range of fiber strength was larger,57.8%of them reached the strong and very strong standard,and 9 varieties had very poor break strength.Most varieties of resistance to Fusarium wilt could reach resistance or high resistance,but the resistance to Verticillium wilt was poor.The fiber break strength and Verticillium wilt resistance of short-season cotton are the important restricting factors of varieties,and they are also two aspects that should be improved in the future breeding work.