牛粪堆肥替代20%化肥对玉米季产量及经济效益的影响

Effects of Different Cattle Manure Instead of 20%of Total Chemical Fertilizer on Maize Yields and Economical Benefits during Maize Growing Season

研究了不同牛粪堆肥A(牛粪+小麦秸秆+发酵腐熟剂+除臭剂)、B(牛粪+小麦秸秆+除臭剂)、C(牛粪+发酵腐熟剂+除臭剂)、D(牛粪+除臭剂)在6 000(JZ2)、9 000(JZ3)kg/hm^2这2个施用水平下替代20%全量化肥后对玉米季产量及经济效益的影响,以单施化肥(JZ0-CK)作对照。结果表明,牛粪堆肥替代20%全量化肥有利于促进玉米生长和提高产量;与JZ0-CK(4 647.58 kg/hm^2)相比,在6 000、9 000 kg/hm^2施肥水平时,牛粪堆肥处理A、B、C、D均能增加玉米产量和纯收益,其中,JZ2-B(7 310.06 kg/hm^2)、JZ2-D(6 625.35kg/hm^2)、JZ3-A(6 984.43 kg/hm^2)、JZ3-C(7 425.25 kg/hm^2)处理增产显著,分别增产2 662.48、1 977.77、2 336.85、2 777.67 kg/hm^2,增幅分别达57.29%、42.55%、50.28%、59.77%;不同牛粪堆肥处理之间,JZ2-B、JZ3-C处理显著高于JZ2-A(5 467.80 kg/hm^2)、JZ2-C(5 258.86 kg/hm^2)、JZ3-B(5 328.44 kg/hm^2)处理,产量大小依次为JZ3-C>JZ2-B>JZ3-A>JZ2-D>JZ3-D>JZ2-A>JZ3-B>JZ2-C>JZ0-CK;与JZ0-CK(3 390.40元/hm^2)处理相比,纯收益JZ2-B(7 549.71元/hm^2)、JZ2-D(6 385.70元/hm^2)、JZ3-A(6 636.15元/hm^2)、JZ3-C(7 385.53元/hm^20处理分别显著增加4 159.31、2 995.30、3 245.75、3 995.13元/hm^2,增幅分别为122.67%、88.35%、95.73%、117.84%,JZ2-B处理纯收益最大,其次为JZ3-C处理,纯收益大小依次为JZ2-B>JZ3-C>JZ3-A>JZ2-D>JZ3-D>JZ2-A>JZ2-C>JZ3-B>JZ0-CK;与JZ0-CK(1.75)处理相比,产投比除JZ3-B(1.73)处理下降外,其他牛粪堆肥处理均增加,其中,JZ2-B(2.55)、JZ3-C(2.41)处理显著高于JZ0-CK处理。

In this manuscript,the effects of different cattle manure organic fertilizer A(cattle manure+wheat straw+fermentation ripening agent+deodorant),B(cattle manure+wheat straw+deodorant),C(cattle manure+fermentation ripening agent+deodorant)and D(cattle manure+deodorant),which was applied at 6000(JZ2)and 9000(JZ3)kg/hm^2 application levels,respectively,instead of 20%of total chemical fertilizer on maize grain yields and economic benefits during maize growing season were studied.Single application of chemical fertilizer was done as JZ0-CK.The results showed that cattle manure organic fertilizer instead of 20%of total chemical fertilizer could benefit maize growth and improve maize yields.At 6000,9000 kg/hm^2 application levels,cattle manure A,B,C and D treatments were all increased maize grain yields compared with JZ0-CK(4647.58 kg/hm^2)treatment,JZ2-B(7310.06 kg/hm^2),JZ2-D(6625.35 kg/hm^2),JZ3-A(6984.43 kg/hm^2),and JZ3-C(7425.25 kg/hm^2)treatments were all significantly increased grain yields,and about 2662.48,1977.77,2336.85,2777.67 kg/hm^2 of yield increased and 57.3%,42.6%,50.3%,59.8%of yield increase range,respectively.The yields of JZ2-B and JZ3-C treatments were significantly higher than those of JZ2-A(5467.80 kg/hm^2),JZ2-C(5258.86 kg/hm^2),and JZ3-B(5328.44 kg/hm^2)treatments,respectively.The yield order was JZ3-C>JZ2-B>JZ3-A>JZ2-D>JZ3-D>JZ2-A>JZ3-B>JZ2-C>JZ0-CK.However,the pure benefits of JZ2-B(7549.71 yuan/hm^2),JZ2-D(6385.70 yuan/hm^2),JZ3-A(6636.15 yuan/hm^2),JZ3-C(7385.53 yuan/hm^2)treatments were significantly increased 4159.31,2995.30,3245.75,3995.13 yuan/hm^2,respectively,compared with JZ0-CK(3390.40 yuan/hm^2),and the increase range were 122.67%,88.35%,95.73%,117.84%,respectively.Furhermore,the pure benefits of JZ2-B treatment was the highest,followed by JZ3-C treatment,the pure benefits order was JZ2-B>JZ3-C>JZ3-A>JZ2-D>JZ3-D>JZ2-A>JZ2-C>JZ3-B>JZ0-CK.In addition,compared with JZ0-CK(1.75),the output-input ratio of cattle manure(expcet for JZ3-B,1.73)treatments all increased,and JZ2-B(2.55)and JZ3-C(2.41)treatments were all significantly higher than that of JZ0-CK.