数字平台赋能的供应链金融模式创新

Pattern Innovation of the Supply Chain Finance Enabled by the Digital Platform

中小微企业融资难、融资贵和融资慢的问题一直是中央、各地方政策关注的焦点,但在外部经济环境客观因素和中小微企业自身主观问题共同制约下,传统供应链金融真正推动解决中小微企业资金问题面临的任务艰巨且具挑战性,其主要原因是传统供应链金融仍依赖于交易主体征信和稳定的业务关系,供应链金融急需从传统的人际信任走向数字信任,将企业的业务和行为数字化,客观、真实、全面地反映供应链运营中的状况和各经营主体在其中的能力。数字平台是支持在线社区的综合服务和信息体系结构,结合核心模块服务和实现互补的接口,以支持信息共享、协作和/或集体行动。数字平台赋能的供应链金融包括传统在线供应链金融模式、流转式数字供应链金融模式、融合式数字供应链金融模式和整合式数字供应链金融模式四种模式。在风险控制与管理方面,供应链金融应在全面把握供应链交易过程和资产基础上,有效防范金融借贷的风险;通过有效的用户画像,刻画客户的状态和信用程度,为金融服务决策提供依据;运用近于实时或者完全及时化的数字信用刻画和风险分析技术,进行动态信用风险管理,预测企业可能的行为和运营状况,并有针对性地开发和操作金融活动。

The problems of difficult financing,expensive financing and slow financing of small,medium and micro enterprises have always been the focus of central and local policies.However,under the constraints of external economic environment and subjective issues of small,medium and micro enterprises,traditional supply chain finance has really promoted the solving of capital problem of small,medium and micro enterprises;and the task is tough and challenging.The main reason is that traditional supply chain finance still depends on the credit investigation of transaction subjects and the stable business relationships.Supply chain finance needs to move from traditional interpersonal trust to digital trust,make enterprises business and behaviors to be digital,and objectively,truly and comprehensively reflect the status of the supply chain operation and the capabilities of each operating entity in it.The digital platform is a comprehensive service and information architecture that can provide online community with support;it is the interface combining core module services and realizing complementation;and it can provide information sharing,collaboration,and/or collective action with support.The supply chain finance enabled by the digital platform includes four patterns:traditional online supply chain finance,circulating digital supply chain finance,integrated digital supply chain finance,and integrated digital supply chain finance.In terms of risk control and management,supply chain finance should effectively prevent the risk of financial lending on the basis of fully controlling the supply chain transaction process and assets;through effective user portraits,we should portray the status and credit degree of customers to provide financial service decisions with a basis;and we should use real-time or fully timely digital credit portrayal and risk analysis technology to carry out dynamic credit risk management,predict the possible behavior and operating status of the enterprises,and develop and carry out financial activities in a targeted manner.