晋南地区新石器末期制陶粘土原料EDXRF分析

EDXRF Analysis of the Late Neolithic Pottery Clay Material in Southern Shanxi

本文运用X荧光能量色散分析法(EDXRF),对以陶寺文化为主的晋南地区新石器末期102件陶片样品陶胎粘土部分的成分进行检测,主要从SiO2、Al2O3、Fe2O3、CaO、K2O、Na2O、MgO、TiO2等8个常量元素和2个微量元素Rb、Sr方面对检测数据进行了相关讨论。在依次对陶寺遗址、临汾盆地、运城盆地以及垣曲盆地和晋中盆地陶片样品分析的基础上,可以明确陶寺遗址及晋南地区仰韶文化晚期以来的制陶粘土原料有三类,分别为普通易熔类粘土、高钙类粘土和高铝类粘土。三类粘土原料数量的变化与文化分期可能存在一定的关联性。陶寺和周家庄遗址的白陶以山东龙山文化典型器陶鬶为主,推测用高铝类粘土原料制作的陶器较特殊。同一器类不同时段以及同一时期不同器类均以普通易熔类粘土为主,可见粘土原料并不存在专门化的分工。

102 potteries from Southern Shanxi in the late Neolithic age were analyzed by the EDXRF. Discussion was conducted on the test data of 8 major elements namely SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, CaO, K2O, Na2O, MgO, and TiO2, and 2 minor elements Rb and Sr. The test data of Taosi site, Linfen basin, Yuncheng basin, Yuanqu basin and Jinzhong basin were sequentially analyzed. The results indicate that there were three sorts of clay materials in the Taosi site and in Southern Shanxi from the later Yangshao culture, namely ordinary fusible clay, high calcium clay and high aluminum clay. The change in the quantity of the three clay materials may be related to different cultural stages. The white pottery from Taosi site and Zhoujiazhuang site is the typical utensil gui of Shandong Longshan culture which was probably made by the high aluminum clay. It can be inferred that specialized division of labor did not exist in making clay materials in Southern Shanxi in the Late Neolithic age in that different sorts of pottery were usually made by the same material–the ordinary fusible clay.