一种低轨遥感卫星自主轨道控制方法

An Autonomous Orbit Control Method of Low Orbit Remote Sensing Satellite

针对低轨遥感卫星轨道控制操作繁琐、执行效率较低、影响载荷任务编排等缺点,提出一种无需地面站支持的自主轨道控制方法。利用在轨实时计算得到的轨道偏差作为触发条件,在偏差超出阈值时,卫星根据轨道外推结果、剩余燃料质量、发动机推力等参数自主计算轨控时间,并在不与载荷任务冲突的前提下,实施发动机点火,实现卫星轨道误差的在轨自主补偿。经高分七号卫星(GF-7)验证,能够有效降低卫星的地面运控成本,大幅提升卫星的自主管理、自主运行能力,可为我国后续低轨遥感卫星设计提供参考。

In view of the disadvantages of low orbit remote sensing satellite orbit control,such as complicated operation,low efficiency,and affecting task execution,an autonomous orbit control method without the support of ground station is proposed.In this method,orbit deviation calculated in real time is used as the trigger condition.When the deviation exceeds the threshold value,the orbit control time is calculated onboard according to orbit extrapolation result,remaining fuel weight,engine thrust and other parameters.On the premise of no conflict with payload task,thruster ignition is implemented to achieve the on-orbit autonomous compensation of satellite orbit error.Verified by GF-7 satellite,the cost of ground operation and control is effectively reduced,and the autonomous operation capability of the satellite is greatly improved,which can provide reference for the subsequent design of China’s low orbit remote sensing satellites.