广东、广西和海南滨海湿地遥感制图与分析

Analysis on the Mapping of Remote Sensing for Coastal Wetland in Guangdong,Guangxi and Hainan

滨海湿地是介于陆地生态系统和水生生态系统之间的特殊生态系统,是珍贵的湿地资源,具有重要的生态系统功能。掌握滨海湿地的分布状况对于我国滨海湿地自然资源的保护和管理意义重大。文章基于2018-2019年"哨兵2号"卫星10m分辨率多光谱影像,完成广东、广西和海南滨海湿地的遥感制图;对岩石海岸、砂石海滩、淤泥质海滩、潮间盐水沼泽、红树林、河口水域、河口三角洲/沙洲/沙岛、海岸性咸水湖、海岸性淡水湖、浅海水域共10个亚类建立解译标志,通过目视解译,对滨海湿地进行分类和统计。研究结果显示:广东、广西和海南滨海湿地面积共计1 377 140hm2,各地滨海湿地面积与岸线长度基本呈正相关,海岸线越长,滨海湿地面积越大,各地典型滨海湿地的类型也不相同。

As a special ecosystem between terrestrial ecosystem and aquatic ecosystem,coastal wetlands are precious wetland resources with important ecosystem functions.Coastal wetland mapping is of great significance to the protection and management of natural resources of coastal wetlands in China.Based on Sentinel-2 multispectral remote sensing imagery with 10 mspatial resolution from 2018 and 2019,coastal wetlands in three provinces of the South China Sea(Guangdong,Guangxi and Hainan)were mapped.Rocky shores,sandy beaches,muddy beaches,intertidal brine marshes,mangroves,estuarine waters,estuarine deltas/sandbars/sand islands,coastal saltwater lakes,coastal freshwater lakes and shallow waters were interpreted,classified and analyzed.Based on the classification and statistics results,the area of coastal wetlands of the three provinces is1377140 hm2 in total.There is a positive correlation between the area of coastal wetlands and the length of shorelines.The longer the coastline,the larger the area of coastal wetlands,and the representative types of coastal wetlands vary from place to place in the study region.