人工智能应用嵌入政府治理:实践、机制与风险架构--以杭州城市大脑为例

Government Governance Embedded in AI Applications:Practice,Mechanism,and Risk Architecture——A Case Study of Hangzhou City Brain

人工智能时代,政府需要利用人工智能技术推动政府治理的革新。杭州城市大脑作为地方政府运用人工智能实现治理转型的先行案例,从构想走到成熟,是理念、基础条件、核心支撑、制度保障、特色应用的综合实践创新。通过人工智能应用嵌入减少信息不对称,由政府从内部实现管理服务的数字化,促进行政流程的精简化,进而推动政府外部实现资源配置智能化、社会协同便捷化和公众互动实时化,形成了一套智能治理的机制。但利用人工智能应用嵌入地方政府治理也面临PDAG风险架构,即个体数据隐私缺乏保护、数据归属与责任不明晰、算法存在歧视风险和政府存在技术弱势。因此实现智能治理应在开放理念指导下,做好数据归集融合、智能治理平台接入、政企协作和规划引领;避免其风险应立法先行、健全防控体系、建立多元开放治理机制和开展全球合作。

In the era of artificial intelligence,the government needs to embrace artificial intelligence technology to promote the innovation of government governance.Hangzhou urban brain,as a pilot case of local government’s application of artificial intelligence to realize governance transformation,has gone from conception to maturity.It is a comprehensive practice innovation of ideas,basic conditions,core support,institutional guarantee and featured applications.Through the application of artificial intelligence embedding to reduce information asymmetry,the government realizes management services and digitalization from the inside,promotes the simplification of administrative process,and then promotes the external government to realize the intelligent resource allocation,the convenience of social collaboration and the real-time public interaction,thus generating a set of intelligent governance mechanism.However,the application of artificial intelligence into local government governance also faces the PDAG risk architecture,that is,the lack of protection of individual data privacy,unclear data ownership and responsibility,the risk of algorithm discrimination and the technical weakness of the government.Therefore,the realization of intelligent governance should be guided by the open concept,including data collection and integration,intelligent governance platform access,government-enterprise cooperation and planning guidance.To avoid such risks,we should put legislation first,improve the prevention and control system,establish a diversified and open governance mechanism and carry out global cooperation.