中国试验治理的注意力转变与制度发展

Attention Shift and Institutional Development of China’s Experimentalism Governance:——Based on the Co-word Analysis of Collected Works of the Party and State Leaders(Anthology)from 1925 to 2019

试验是中国改革的重要路径,分析不同时期中国试验治理的演进轨迹对改进试验方法、推动国家治理创新具有重要意义。以1925-2019年党和国家领导人选集(文选)作为分析样本,在注意力选择的理论视野下,运用文本分析方法,从试验目标、试验性质、试验组织、试验形式、试验调控等角度对其进行信息挖掘。试验治理经历了萌芽期、形成期、拓展期和规范期四个阶段,整体上反映了从"军事战争中的领导方法"到"经济改革中的推广策略",再由"公共服务变革的常态模式"到"国家治理创新的制度安排"的变迁逻辑。试验目标从领导革命转变为治理创新;试验性质由党内工作方法到常态化的政策过程;试验组织由树立模范到鼓励多样化创新;试验形式由分散型试点到复合型试验;试验调控由工作组现场指导到正式的机制设计。基于此,进一步探讨了提升试验有效性的着力点。

Experimentalism governance is an important path for China’s reform.This paper takes the collected works of Party and state leaders from 1925 to 2019 as the analysis sample from the theoretical perspective of attention selection,combining the qualitative and quantitative research method.The text mining is carried out to dig into the goal,character,organization,form and regulation of the experimentalism governance.The experimentalism governance has gone through four evolving periods:germination period,formation period,expansion period and procedure-based period,which reflect the changing logic of the experimental governance from"leadership method in the revolutionary struggle"-"strategic behavior in economic reform"-"normal mode in public service promotion"-"institutional system in national governance innovation".The goal of the experiment is related to the mission of national governance in different historical periods.The goal of the experiment has changed from leading revolution to governance innovation;the experiment character is changed from intra-party working method to normalized policy-making process;the experiment organization is changed from individual modeling to diversified innovation;the experiment form is changed from separate piloting to integrated testing;the experiment control is changed from field workgroup guidance to formal mechanism designing.Based on this,the paper further focuses on exploring how to improve the effectiveness of the experiment.