糖料作物品种登记现状分析与种业创新建议

Status Analysis on Variety Registration of Sugar Crops and Suggestions for Seed Industry Innovation

统计分析表明,我国非主要农作物品种登记制度实施以来,现有糖料作物登记品种205个,其中,甘蔗登记品种55个,占比26.8%;甜菜登记品种150个,占比73.2%,境外引进甜菜品种占登记甜菜品种的89.9%。糖料作物登记品种特点是:⑴选育单位相对集中。甘蔗前3位:广西农业科学院甘蔗研究所、云南省农业科学院甘蔗研究所和福建农林大学;甜菜前两位:新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所和黑龙江大学;国外种业公司选育的品种以荷兰安地国际有限公司占登记甜菜品种的41.79%,占比最高。⑵适宜种植区域广泛。适宜广西、云南和广东种植的甘蔗品种分别占已登记甘蔗品种的68.5%、57.4%和42.5%;适宜内蒙古、新疆和黑龙江种植的甜菜品种分别占已登记甜菜品种的77.8%、75.8%和72.4%。⑶抗病性较好。甘蔗黑穗病和花叶病中抗以上分别占比92.6%和90.7%;甜菜褐斑病、根腐病和丛根病抗、耐品种分别占比100%、97.3%和94.6%。分析了糖料作物品种登记面临的问题是:品种登记进展缓慢、登记信息填写不规范以及登记品种存在质量问题。提出了糖料种业创新发展的措施建议:①以挖掘优质品种为核心,提高糖料种业创新能力;②以集中展示评价为抓手,加大优良品种推广应用;③以产业协同发展为导向,增强糖料企业核心竞争力。

The statistical analysis showed that since the registration system for non-major crop varieties were implemented in China,a total of 205 sugar crops varieties had been registered,including 55 sugarcane varieties(26.8%)and 150 sugar beet varieties(73.2%).Among all the registered sugar beet varieties,89.9%were induced varieties.The characteristics of registered varieties of sugar crops were:(1)The breeding units are relatively concentrated.The top three sugarcane breeding institutions were Sugarcane Research Institute of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Sugarcane Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,and Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University;Top two sugar beet breeding institutions were Institute of Industrial Crops of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Heilongjiang University;A high proportion of sugar beet varieties by foreign seed company selected was Netherlands Andi International Ltd,which accounted for 41.79%of registered beet varieties.(2)The suitable planting areas of registered varieties were wide.Sugarcane varieties suitable for planting in Guangxi,Yunnan and Guangdong accounted for 68.5%,57.4%and 42.5%of registered sugarcane varieties,respectively;sugar beet varieties suitable for planting in Inner Mongolia,Xinjiang and Heilongjiang accounted for 77.8%,75.8%and 72.4%of registered sugar beet varieties,respectively.(3)Disease resistance of registered varieties was better.The moderate or better resistance to smut and mosaic in sugarcane varieties was 92.6%and 90.7%respectively,and tolerance or resistance to beet leaf spot,root rot and rhizomania disease in sugar beet varieties was 100%,97.3%and 94.6%,respectively.The problems of sugar crop variety registration were of slow progress in variety registration,non-standard filling of registration information and quality problems of registered varieties.Suggestions for innovation and development of sugar crop seed industry were as follows:to excavate high quality varieties as the core,to improve the innovation ability of sugar crop seed industry;to focus on display and evaluation as the grasp,to increase the promotion and application of fine varieties;to take the coordinated development of industry as the guide to enhance the core competitiveness of sugar enterprises.